CAGE-SGG: Counterfactual Active Graph Evidence for Open-Vocabulary Scene Graph Generation
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911717591613440 |
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| author | Guang, Suiyang Liu, Chenyu Zhang, Ruohan Chen, Siyuan |
| author_facet | Guang, Suiyang Liu, Chenyu Zhang, Ruohan Chen, Siyuan |
| contents | Open-vocabulary scene graph generation (SGG) aims to describe visual scenes with flexible and fine-grained relation phrases beyond a fixed predicate vocabulary. While recent vision-language models greatly expand the semantic coverage of SGG, they also introduce a critical reliability issue: predicted relations may be driven by language priors or object co-occurrence rather than grounded visual evidence. In this paper, we propose an evidence-rounded open-vocabulary SGG framework based on counterfactual relation verification. Instead of directly accepting plausible relation proposals, our method verifies whether each candidate relation is supported by relation-pecific visual, geometric, and contextual evidence. Specifically, we first generate open-vocabulary relation candidates with a vision-language proposer, then decompose predicate phrases into soft evidence bases such as support, contact, containment, depth and state. A relation-conditioned evidence encoder extracts predicate-relevant cues, while a counterfactual verifier tests whether the relation score decreases when necessary vidence is removed and remains stable under irrelevant perturbations. We further introduce contradiction-aware predicate learning and graph-level preference optimization to improve fine-grained discrimination and global graph consistency. Experiments on conventional, open-vocabulary, and panoptic SGG benchmarks show that our method consistently improves standard recall-based metrics, unseen predicate generalization, and counterfactual grounding quality. These results demonstrate that moving from relation generation to relation verification leads to more reliable, interpretable, and evidence-grounded scene graphs. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22274 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | CAGE-SGG: Counterfactual Active Graph Evidence for Open-Vocabulary Scene Graph Generation Guang, Suiyang Liu, Chenyu Zhang, Ruohan Chen, Siyuan Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Open-vocabulary scene graph generation (SGG) aims to describe visual scenes with flexible and fine-grained relation phrases beyond a fixed predicate vocabulary. While recent vision-language models greatly expand the semantic coverage of SGG, they also introduce a critical reliability issue: predicted relations may be driven by language priors or object co-occurrence rather than grounded visual evidence. In this paper, we propose an evidence-rounded open-vocabulary SGG framework based on counterfactual relation verification. Instead of directly accepting plausible relation proposals, our method verifies whether each candidate relation is supported by relation-pecific visual, geometric, and contextual evidence. Specifically, we first generate open-vocabulary relation candidates with a vision-language proposer, then decompose predicate phrases into soft evidence bases such as support, contact, containment, depth and state. A relation-conditioned evidence encoder extracts predicate-relevant cues, while a counterfactual verifier tests whether the relation score decreases when necessary vidence is removed and remains stable under irrelevant perturbations. We further introduce contradiction-aware predicate learning and graph-level preference optimization to improve fine-grained discrimination and global graph consistency. Experiments on conventional, open-vocabulary, and panoptic SGG benchmarks show that our method consistently improves standard recall-based metrics, unseen predicate generalization, and counterfactual grounding quality. These results demonstrate that moving from relation generation to relation verification leads to more reliable, interpretable, and evidence-grounded scene graphs. |
| title | CAGE-SGG: Counterfactual Active Graph Evidence for Open-Vocabulary Scene Graph Generation |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22274 |