CognitiveTwin: Robust Multi-Modal Digital Twins for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Soykan, Bulent, Koksalmis, Gulsah Hancerliogullari, Huang, Hsin-Hsiung, Brattain, Laura J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Soykan, Bulent
Koksalmis, Gulsah Hancerliogullari
Huang, Hsin-Hsiung
Brattain, Laura J.
author_facet Soykan, Bulent
Koksalmis, Gulsah Hancerliogullari
Huang, Hsin-Hsiung
Brattain, Laura J.
contents Predicting individual cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to the heterogeneity of disease progression. Reliable clinical tools require not only high accuracy but also fairness across demographics and robustness to missing data. We present CognitiveTwin, a digital twin framework that predicts patient-specific cognitive trajectories. The model integrates multi-modal longitudinal data (cognitive scores, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and genetics). We use a Transformer-based architecture to fuse these modalities and a Deep Markov Model to capture temporal dynamics. We trained and evaluated the framework using data from 1,666 patients in the TADPOLE (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset. We assessed the model for prediction error, demographic fairness, and robustness to missing-not-at-random (MNAR) data patterns. ognitiveTwin provides accurate and personalized predictions of cognitive decline. Its demonstrated fairness across patient demographics and resilience to clinical dropout make it a reliable tool for clinical trial enrichment and personalized care planning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22428
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CognitiveTwin: Robust Multi-Modal Digital Twins for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease
Soykan, Bulent
Koksalmis, Gulsah Hancerliogullari
Huang, Hsin-Hsiung
Brattain, Laura J.
Artificial Intelligence
Predicting individual cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to the heterogeneity of disease progression. Reliable clinical tools require not only high accuracy but also fairness across demographics and robustness to missing data. We present CognitiveTwin, a digital twin framework that predicts patient-specific cognitive trajectories. The model integrates multi-modal longitudinal data (cognitive scores, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and genetics). We use a Transformer-based architecture to fuse these modalities and a Deep Markov Model to capture temporal dynamics. We trained and evaluated the framework using data from 1,666 patients in the TADPOLE (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset. We assessed the model for prediction error, demographic fairness, and robustness to missing-not-at-random (MNAR) data patterns. ognitiveTwin provides accurate and personalized predictions of cognitive decline. Its demonstrated fairness across patient demographics and resilience to clinical dropout make it a reliable tool for clinical trial enrichment and personalized care planning.
title CognitiveTwin: Robust Multi-Modal Digital Twins for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22428