Sign-balance of random Laplace eigenfunctions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Muirhead, Stephen, Wigman, Igor
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Muirhead, Stephen
Wigman, Igor
author_facet Muirhead, Stephen
Wigman, Igor
contents Motivated by the problem of the small-scale sign distribution of Laplace eigenfunctions, we introduce a strong notion of sign-balance for (eigen)functions, and prove that random eigenfunctions are sign-balanced above a precisely determined scale with almost full probability. The scale is proven to be optimal up to a logarithmic power of the energy. Our results include the important case of random spherical harmonics, as well as more general band-limited random waves on smooth Riemannian manifolds. Extending the notion of balance to arbitrary levels, we determine the precise optimum scale above which random eigenfunctions are volume-balanced with respect to non-zero levels. Beyond their intrinsic interest, our results serve as a model for a natural conjecture on the optimal scale at which deterministic Laplace eigenfunctions are sign-balanced.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22567
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sign-balance of random Laplace eigenfunctions
Muirhead, Stephen
Wigman, Igor
Probability
Mathematical Physics
60G60, 58J50
Motivated by the problem of the small-scale sign distribution of Laplace eigenfunctions, we introduce a strong notion of sign-balance for (eigen)functions, and prove that random eigenfunctions are sign-balanced above a precisely determined scale with almost full probability. The scale is proven to be optimal up to a logarithmic power of the energy. Our results include the important case of random spherical harmonics, as well as more general band-limited random waves on smooth Riemannian manifolds. Extending the notion of balance to arbitrary levels, we determine the precise optimum scale above which random eigenfunctions are volume-balanced with respect to non-zero levels. Beyond their intrinsic interest, our results serve as a model for a natural conjecture on the optimal scale at which deterministic Laplace eigenfunctions are sign-balanced.
title Sign-balance of random Laplace eigenfunctions
topic Probability
Mathematical Physics
60G60, 58J50
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22567