Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866910168347836416 |
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| author | Bi, Yan-Chen Wu, Yu-Mei Huang, Qing-Guo |
| author_facet | Bi, Yan-Chen Wu, Yu-Mei Huang, Qing-Guo |
| contents | Primordial black holes (PBHs) provide a compelling interpretation for the binary black holes (BBHs) observed by ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, especially for those BBHs in the theoretical mass gap. In the early Universe, the scalar perturbations required to produce such PBHs inevitably generate scalar-induced GWs (SIGWs). These SIGWs peak in the sub-nanohertz band, and manifest secularly as measurable jerk-like drifts in the second derivative of pulsar spin periods. In this Letter, we perform the first search for SIGWs using pulsar parameter drifts, and place a 95\% confidence-level upper limit on the PBH abundance of $f_{\mathrm{PBH}} < 10^{-10}$ over the mass range $[3 \times 10^{-1}, 4 \times 10^{4}] M_{\odot}$. Our results strongly disfavor a PBH origin for the BBHs currently detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaborations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22634 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts Bi, Yan-Chen Wu, Yu-Mei Huang, Qing-Guo Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Primordial black holes (PBHs) provide a compelling interpretation for the binary black holes (BBHs) observed by ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, especially for those BBHs in the theoretical mass gap. In the early Universe, the scalar perturbations required to produce such PBHs inevitably generate scalar-induced GWs (SIGWs). These SIGWs peak in the sub-nanohertz band, and manifest secularly as measurable jerk-like drifts in the second derivative of pulsar spin periods. In this Letter, we perform the first search for SIGWs using pulsar parameter drifts, and place a 95\% confidence-level upper limit on the PBH abundance of $f_{\mathrm{PBH}} < 10^{-10}$ over the mass range $[3 \times 10^{-1}, 4 \times 10^{4}] M_{\odot}$. Our results strongly disfavor a PBH origin for the BBHs currently detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaborations. |
| title | Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22634 |