Time-Localized Parametric Decomposition of Respiratory Airflow for Sub-Breath Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Rodrigues, Victoria Ribeiro, Davenport, Paul W., Napoli, Nicholas J.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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_version_ 1866910163215056896
author Rodrigues, Victoria Ribeiro
Davenport, Paul W.
Napoli, Nicholas J.
author_facet Rodrigues, Victoria Ribeiro
Davenport, Paul W.
Napoli, Nicholas J.
contents Respiratory airflow signals provide critical insight into breathing mechanics, yet conventional analysis methods remain limited in their ability to characterize the internal structure of individual breaths. Traditional approaches treat airflow as a quasi-periodic signal and rely on global descriptors such as tidal volume or peak flow, obscuring sub-breath events that reflect neuromuscular coordination and compensatory breathing strategies. This study introduces a parametric framework for decomposing inspiratory airflow into a small number of time-localized components with explicit amplitude, onset time, and duration parameters. Unlike spectral or data-adaptive methods, the proposed approach employs physiologically grounded basis functions, Half-Sine, Gaussian, and Beta, to represent intrabreath waveform morphology through constrained nonlinear optimization. Evaluation across 8,276 breaths demonstrates high reconstruction accuracy (mean squared error $<$ 0.001 for four-component models) and robust parameter precision under moderate noise. Component-derived features describing sub-breath timing and coordination improved classification of cognitive fatigue states arising from cognitive-respiratory competition by up to 30.7% in Matthews correlation coefficient compared with classical respiratory metrics. These results establish that modeling airflow as a sum of parameterized, time-localized primitives provides an interpretable and precise foundation for quantifying intrabreath organization, compensatory breathing dynamics, and respiratory motor control adaptation under cognitive-respiratory dual-task demands.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22695
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time-Localized Parametric Decomposition of Respiratory Airflow for Sub-Breath Analysis
Rodrigues, Victoria Ribeiro
Davenport, Paul W.
Napoli, Nicholas J.
Signal Processing
Machine Learning
I.5.4; I.6.5
Respiratory airflow signals provide critical insight into breathing mechanics, yet conventional analysis methods remain limited in their ability to characterize the internal structure of individual breaths. Traditional approaches treat airflow as a quasi-periodic signal and rely on global descriptors such as tidal volume or peak flow, obscuring sub-breath events that reflect neuromuscular coordination and compensatory breathing strategies. This study introduces a parametric framework for decomposing inspiratory airflow into a small number of time-localized components with explicit amplitude, onset time, and duration parameters. Unlike spectral or data-adaptive methods, the proposed approach employs physiologically grounded basis functions, Half-Sine, Gaussian, and Beta, to represent intrabreath waveform morphology through constrained nonlinear optimization. Evaluation across 8,276 breaths demonstrates high reconstruction accuracy (mean squared error $<$ 0.001 for four-component models) and robust parameter precision under moderate noise. Component-derived features describing sub-breath timing and coordination improved classification of cognitive fatigue states arising from cognitive-respiratory competition by up to 30.7% in Matthews correlation coefficient compared with classical respiratory metrics. These results establish that modeling airflow as a sum of parameterized, time-localized primitives provides an interpretable and precise foundation for quantifying intrabreath organization, compensatory breathing dynamics, and respiratory motor control adaptation under cognitive-respiratory dual-task demands.
title Time-Localized Parametric Decomposition of Respiratory Airflow for Sub-Breath Analysis
topic Signal Processing
Machine Learning
I.5.4; I.6.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22695