Vision-Based Lane Following and Traffic Sign Recognition for Resource-Constrained Autonomous Vehicles
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866917434349322240 |
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| author | Islam, Md Tanjemul Kabir, Md Rafiul |
| author_facet | Islam, Md Tanjemul Kabir, Md Rafiul |
| contents | Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on real-time perception systems to understand road environments and ensure safe navigation. However, implementing reliable perception algorithms on resource-constrained embedded platforms remains challenging due to limited computational resources. This paper presents a lightweight vision-based framework that integrates lane detection, lane tracking, and traffic sign recognition for embedded autonomous vehicles. A computationally efficient threshold-based lane segmentation method combined with perspective transformation and histogram-based curvature estimation is used for robust lane tracking under varying illumination conditions. A rule-based steering controller generates steering commands to maintain stable vehicle navigation. For traffic sign recognition, two lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs), EfficientNet-B0 and MobileNetV2, are evaluated using a custom dataset captured from the vehicle's onboard camera. Experimental results show that the system achieves real-time performance while maintaining accurate lane tracking with only 3.16% maximum offset RMSE. EfficientNet-B0 achieves a high offline classification accuracy of 98.77% on the test dataset, while achieving 90% accuracy during real-time on-device deployment, outperforming MobileNetV2 in both settings. MobileNetV2, however, offers slightly faster inference and lower computational cost. These results highlight the effectiveness of lightweight vision-based perception pipelines for resource-constrained autonomous driving applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22872 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Vision-Based Lane Following and Traffic Sign Recognition for Resource-Constrained Autonomous Vehicles Islam, Md Tanjemul Kabir, Md Rafiul Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Systems and Control Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on real-time perception systems to understand road environments and ensure safe navigation. However, implementing reliable perception algorithms on resource-constrained embedded platforms remains challenging due to limited computational resources. This paper presents a lightweight vision-based framework that integrates lane detection, lane tracking, and traffic sign recognition for embedded autonomous vehicles. A computationally efficient threshold-based lane segmentation method combined with perspective transformation and histogram-based curvature estimation is used for robust lane tracking under varying illumination conditions. A rule-based steering controller generates steering commands to maintain stable vehicle navigation. For traffic sign recognition, two lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs), EfficientNet-B0 and MobileNetV2, are evaluated using a custom dataset captured from the vehicle's onboard camera. Experimental results show that the system achieves real-time performance while maintaining accurate lane tracking with only 3.16% maximum offset RMSE. EfficientNet-B0 achieves a high offline classification accuracy of 98.77% on the test dataset, while achieving 90% accuracy during real-time on-device deployment, outperforming MobileNetV2 in both settings. MobileNetV2, however, offers slightly faster inference and lower computational cost. These results highlight the effectiveness of lightweight vision-based perception pipelines for resource-constrained autonomous driving applications. |
| title | Vision-Based Lane Following and Traffic Sign Recognition for Resource-Constrained Autonomous Vehicles |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22872 |