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Main Authors: Wu, Xiangcen, Chen, Ruohua, Li, Sichun, Yang, Qianye, Liu, Sheng, Liu, Jianjun, Xie, Zhaoheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22905
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author Wu, Xiangcen
Chen, Ruohua
Li, Sichun
Yang, Qianye
Liu, Sheng
Liu, Jianjun
Xie, Zhaoheng
author_facet Wu, Xiangcen
Chen, Ruohua
Li, Sichun
Yang, Qianye
Liu, Sheng
Liu, Jianjun
Xie, Zhaoheng
contents Whole-body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) registration is essential for multi-parametric tumor characterization and assessment of metastatic disease progression. In deep learning-based deformable registration, the dense displacement field (DDF) regularizer is crucial for stabilizing optimization and preventing unrealistic deformations in large 3D volumes. A key challenge in whole-body deformable registration is anatomical heterogeneity, rigid structures (e.g., bones) should undergo stronger regularization, whereas soft tissues require more flexible deformation and weaker constraints. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective CT-guided spatially-varying regularization strategy for whole-body cross-tracer deformable PET registration. The key idea is to use the paired CT volume from the PET/CT acquisition to construct a voxel-wise regularization map for the DDF, replacing the conventional single global regularization weight. This yields anatomy-adaptive regularization strength across rigid and soft tissues. The proposed method is evaluated on a real clinical cross-tracer PET/CT dataset of 296 patients involving 18F-PSMA and 18F-FDG, showing that the proposed method achieves statistically significant improvements over weakly-supervised registration baseline in both whole-body registration performance and organ-wise alignment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22905
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CT-Guided Spatially-varying Regularization for Voxel-Wise Deformable Whole-Body PET Registration
Wu, Xiangcen
Chen, Ruohua
Li, Sichun
Yang, Qianye
Liu, Sheng
Liu, Jianjun
Xie, Zhaoheng
Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Whole-body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) registration is essential for multi-parametric tumor characterization and assessment of metastatic disease progression. In deep learning-based deformable registration, the dense displacement field (DDF) regularizer is crucial for stabilizing optimization and preventing unrealistic deformations in large 3D volumes. A key challenge in whole-body deformable registration is anatomical heterogeneity, rigid structures (e.g., bones) should undergo stronger regularization, whereas soft tissues require more flexible deformation and weaker constraints. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective CT-guided spatially-varying regularization strategy for whole-body cross-tracer deformable PET registration. The key idea is to use the paired CT volume from the PET/CT acquisition to construct a voxel-wise regularization map for the DDF, replacing the conventional single global regularization weight. This yields anatomy-adaptive regularization strength across rigid and soft tissues. The proposed method is evaluated on a real clinical cross-tracer PET/CT dataset of 296 patients involving 18F-PSMA and 18F-FDG, showing that the proposed method achieves statistically significant improvements over weakly-supervised registration baseline in both whole-body registration performance and organ-wise alignment.
title CT-Guided Spatially-varying Regularization for Voxel-Wise Deformable Whole-Body PET Registration
topic Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22905