Substructures Induced by Dust Drag in Protoplanetary Disks
Fuente:
arXiv
Enregistré dans:
| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
|
| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | |
| Tags: |
Ajouter un tag
Pas de tags, Soyez le premier à ajouter un tag!
|
| _version_ | 1866910163859931136 |
|---|---|
| author | Bi, Jiaqing Flock, Mario Ostertag, Dominik Lüttkemöller, Neele Wolf, Sebastian |
| author_facet | Bi, Jiaqing Flock, Mario Ostertag, Dominik Lüttkemöller, Neele Wolf, Sebastian |
| contents | Dust substructures observed in protoplanetary disks are commonly attributed to embedded planets; however, intrinsic gas-dust interactions can also generate complex morphologies. We performed two-dimensional, axisymmetric simulations of gas and dust that include dust back-reaction and parameterized turbulence to investigate how the streaming instability (SI) and vertical shear instability (VSI) shape dust distributions. With moderate viscosity and sufficiently high metallicity, we identify a characteristic shuttlecock-shaped dust substructure composed of a dense, vertically settled "head" and a vertically extended "tail." This morphology arises from nonlinear SI driven by marginally coupled grains and the associated modification of gas flows. The dust scale height in the tail exceeds predictions based on the simple diffusion-settling balance, indicating strong self-generated turbulence. With lower viscosity, VSI becomes more vigorous, disrupts midplane structures, and increases vertical stirring; nevertheless, for dust grains with Stokes numbers around 0.01, SI can still attain dust-to-gas ratios of up to 20-50, potentially approaching the Hill density for gravitational binding. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic gas-dust interactions can generate prominent dust substructures even in disks with finite viscosity and, under favorable conditions, concentrate dust to levels relevant for planetesimal formation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22912 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Substructures Induced by Dust Drag in Protoplanetary Disks Bi, Jiaqing Flock, Mario Ostertag, Dominik Lüttkemöller, Neele Wolf, Sebastian Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Dust substructures observed in protoplanetary disks are commonly attributed to embedded planets; however, intrinsic gas-dust interactions can also generate complex morphologies. We performed two-dimensional, axisymmetric simulations of gas and dust that include dust back-reaction and parameterized turbulence to investigate how the streaming instability (SI) and vertical shear instability (VSI) shape dust distributions. With moderate viscosity and sufficiently high metallicity, we identify a characteristic shuttlecock-shaped dust substructure composed of a dense, vertically settled "head" and a vertically extended "tail." This morphology arises from nonlinear SI driven by marginally coupled grains and the associated modification of gas flows. The dust scale height in the tail exceeds predictions based on the simple diffusion-settling balance, indicating strong self-generated turbulence. With lower viscosity, VSI becomes more vigorous, disrupts midplane structures, and increases vertical stirring; nevertheless, for dust grains with Stokes numbers around 0.01, SI can still attain dust-to-gas ratios of up to 20-50, potentially approaching the Hill density for gravitational binding. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic gas-dust interactions can generate prominent dust substructures even in disks with finite viscosity and, under favorable conditions, concentrate dust to levels relevant for planetesimal formation. |
| title | Substructures Induced by Dust Drag in Protoplanetary Disks |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22912 |