Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kwok, Sun, Balick, Bruce, Chu, You-Hua, Hrivnak, Bruce J., López, Alberto, Parker, Quentin, Sahai, Raghvendra, Zijlstra, Albert
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866914506427334656
author Kwok, Sun
Balick, Bruce
Chu, You-Hua
Hrivnak, Bruce J.
López, Alberto
Parker, Quentin
Sahai, Raghvendra
Zijlstra, Albert
author_facet Kwok, Sun
Balick, Bruce
Chu, You-Hua
Hrivnak, Bruce J.
López, Alberto
Parker, Quentin
Sahai, Raghvendra
Zijlstra, Albert
contents While there has been significant progress in our understanding of the origin and evolu-tion of planetary nebulae in the last 50 years, there remain several unsolved problems. These include the true 3D morphological structure of the nebulae, origin of multipolar nebulae, the dust and molecular distribution relative to the optical nebulosity, large-scale structures outside of the main nebulae, the relevance of binarity to planetary nebulae evolution, and a precise definition of the planetary nebula phenomenon. The long-standing problem of elemental abundance discrepancy still remains unsolved. In this paper, we summarize current observations related to these problems and present possible future directions to tackle them.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_22999
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research
Kwok, Sun
Balick, Bruce
Chu, You-Hua
Hrivnak, Bruce J.
López, Alberto
Parker, Quentin
Sahai, Raghvendra
Zijlstra, Albert
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
While there has been significant progress in our understanding of the origin and evolu-tion of planetary nebulae in the last 50 years, there remain several unsolved problems. These include the true 3D morphological structure of the nebulae, origin of multipolar nebulae, the dust and molecular distribution relative to the optical nebulosity, large-scale structures outside of the main nebulae, the relevance of binarity to planetary nebulae evolution, and a precise definition of the planetary nebula phenomenon. The long-standing problem of elemental abundance discrepancy still remains unsolved. In this paper, we summarize current observations related to these problems and present possible future directions to tackle them.
title Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22999