Characterizations of Admissible Objective Functions for Hierarchical Clustering

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tsukuba, Ryuki, Ando, Kazutoshi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Tsukuba, Ryuki
Ando, Kazutoshi
author_facet Tsukuba, Ryuki
Ando, Kazutoshi
contents Hierarchical clustering is a fundamental task in data analysis, yet for a long time it lacked a principled objective function. Dasgupta [STOC 2016] initiated a formal framework by introducing a discrete objective function for cluster trees. This framework was subsequently expanded by Cohen-Addad et al. [J. ACM 2019], who introduced the notion of admissibility -- a criterion ensuring that, whenever the input similarities admit consistent hierarchical representations, the minimizers of an objective function recover them. They also provided a necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility within a broad class of objective functions, which we refer to as sum-type objective functions. Our contributions are twofold. First, we characterize admissible sum-type objective functions when the scaling function g is a symmetric polynomial of degree at most two, together with sufficient conditions in the degree-three case. For admissible objective functions in this class, we show that the recursive sparsest cut algorithm achieves an O($ϕ$)-approximation ratio, where $ϕ$ denotes the approximation factor of the sparsest cut subroutine. Second, we introduce a new class of objective functions for hierarchical clustering, which we term max-type objective functions, where cluster interactions are measured by maximum rather than aggregate similarity. For this class, we establish a general characterization of admissibility for arbitrary scaling functions g, and a complete characterization when g is a symmetric polynomial of degree at most two. These results provide new theoretical insights into admissible objective functions for hierarchical clustering and clarify the scope of algorithmic guarantees for optimizing them.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_23628
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Characterizations of Admissible Objective Functions for Hierarchical Clustering
Tsukuba, Ryuki
Ando, Kazutoshi
Data Structures and Algorithms
Machine Learning
62H30 (Primary) 51K05 (Secondary)
Hierarchical clustering is a fundamental task in data analysis, yet for a long time it lacked a principled objective function. Dasgupta [STOC 2016] initiated a formal framework by introducing a discrete objective function for cluster trees. This framework was subsequently expanded by Cohen-Addad et al. [J. ACM 2019], who introduced the notion of admissibility -- a criterion ensuring that, whenever the input similarities admit consistent hierarchical representations, the minimizers of an objective function recover them. They also provided a necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility within a broad class of objective functions, which we refer to as sum-type objective functions. Our contributions are twofold. First, we characterize admissible sum-type objective functions when the scaling function g is a symmetric polynomial of degree at most two, together with sufficient conditions in the degree-three case. For admissible objective functions in this class, we show that the recursive sparsest cut algorithm achieves an O($ϕ$)-approximation ratio, where $ϕ$ denotes the approximation factor of the sparsest cut subroutine. Second, we introduce a new class of objective functions for hierarchical clustering, which we term max-type objective functions, where cluster interactions are measured by maximum rather than aggregate similarity. For this class, we establish a general characterization of admissibility for arbitrary scaling functions g, and a complete characterization when g is a symmetric polynomial of degree at most two. These results provide new theoretical insights into admissible objective functions for hierarchical clustering and clarify the scope of algorithmic guarantees for optimizing them.
title Characterizations of Admissible Objective Functions for Hierarchical Clustering
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
Machine Learning
62H30 (Primary) 51K05 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23628