Mapping License Plate Recoverability Under Extreme Viewing Angles for Oppor-tunistic Urban Sensing

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Main Authors: Adamenko, Igor, Aharon, Orpaz Ben, Aperstein, Yehudit, Apartsin, Alexander
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Adamenko, Igor
Aharon, Orpaz Ben
Aperstein, Yehudit
Apartsin, Alexander
author_facet Adamenko, Igor
Aharon, Orpaz Ben
Aperstein, Yehudit
Apartsin, Alexander
contents Urban environments contain many imaging sensors built for specific purposes, including ATM, body-worn, CCTV, and dashboard cameras. Under the opportunistic sensing paradigm, these sensors can be repurposed for secondary inference tasks such as license plate recognition. Yet objects of interest in such imagery are often noisy, low-resolution, and captured from extreme viewpoints. Recent advances in AI-based restoration can recover use-ful information even from severely degraded images. A central challenge is determining which distortion parame-ters allow reliable recovery and which lead to inference failure. This paper introduces recoverability maps, a task-agnostic method for quantifying this boundary. The method combines a dense synthetic sweep of degrada-tion parameters with two summary measures: boundary area-under-curve, which estimates the recoverable frac-tion of the parameter space, and a reliability score, which captures the frequency and severity of failures within that region. We demonstrate the method on license plate recognition from highly angled views under realistic camera artifacts. Several restoration architectures are trained and evaluated, including U-Net, Restormer, Pix2Pix, and SR3 diffusion. The best model recovers about 93% of the parameter space. Similar results across models sug-gest that sensing geometry, rather than architecture, sets the limit of recovery.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_23814
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mapping License Plate Recoverability Under Extreme Viewing Angles for Oppor-tunistic Urban Sensing
Adamenko, Igor
Aharon, Orpaz Ben
Aperstein, Yehudit
Apartsin, Alexander
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Urban environments contain many imaging sensors built for specific purposes, including ATM, body-worn, CCTV, and dashboard cameras. Under the opportunistic sensing paradigm, these sensors can be repurposed for secondary inference tasks such as license plate recognition. Yet objects of interest in such imagery are often noisy, low-resolution, and captured from extreme viewpoints. Recent advances in AI-based restoration can recover use-ful information even from severely degraded images. A central challenge is determining which distortion parame-ters allow reliable recovery and which lead to inference failure. This paper introduces recoverability maps, a task-agnostic method for quantifying this boundary. The method combines a dense synthetic sweep of degrada-tion parameters with two summary measures: boundary area-under-curve, which estimates the recoverable frac-tion of the parameter space, and a reliability score, which captures the frequency and severity of failures within that region. We demonstrate the method on license plate recognition from highly angled views under realistic camera artifacts. Several restoration architectures are trained and evaluated, including U-Net, Restormer, Pix2Pix, and SR3 diffusion. The best model recovers about 93% of the parameter space. Similar results across models sug-gest that sensing geometry, rather than architecture, sets the limit of recovery.
title Mapping License Plate Recoverability Under Extreme Viewing Angles for Oppor-tunistic Urban Sensing
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23814