Beyond Monolithic Scaling: Modularity and Heterogeneity as an Architectural Imperative for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866917487960915968 |
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| author | Fan, Bo Fang, Renzhou Zhang, Yuntao Yuan, Xiaolong Zhao, Dafa |
| author_facet | Fan, Bo Fang, Renzhou Zhang, Yuntao Yuan, Xiaolong Zhao, Dafa |
| contents | Scalable quantum computing is fundamentally bottlenecked not by qubit count or fabrication yield, but by a rigid temporal mismatch: macroscopic classical coordination latency ($τ_c$) inevitably grows with system diameter, while microscopic quantum coherence ($τ_q$) remains strictly bounded. Beyond a critical scale, this mismatch breaches the classical control light cone, triggering a superlinear geometric penalty ($ε> 0$) that renders monolithic synchronization physically impossible. We formalize the resulting structural phase transition through a governing scaling law, $1+ε> γ$, which mandates modular decomposition and a shift from global unitaries to Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC). To manage the resulting resource contention under strict coherence budgets, we introduce a layered semantic architecture and a time-aware Reserve--Commit protocol. By embedding predictive temporal pre-validation, the protocol acts as an architectural semantic classifier: it preemptively aborts transactions that exceed the causal horizon and explicitly converts scheduling-induced failures into location-known erasure metadata, directly relaxing hardware fidelity thresholds for downstream QEC decoders. Under near-term transduction targets ($η_{\mathrm{trans}} \sim 0.1$), we project a crossover scale at $N_c \sim 10^5$--$10^6$ physical qubits. This threshold marks a profound architectural convergence: the footprint required for modularity aligns precisely with early fault-tolerant utility, establishing time-aware distributed orchestration, rather than monolithic expansion or centralized classical control, as the physical imperative for utility-scale quantum computing. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_24059 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beyond Monolithic Scaling: Modularity and Heterogeneity as an Architectural Imperative for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing Fan, Bo Fang, Renzhou Zhang, Yuntao Yuan, Xiaolong Zhao, Dafa Quantum Physics Scalable quantum computing is fundamentally bottlenecked not by qubit count or fabrication yield, but by a rigid temporal mismatch: macroscopic classical coordination latency ($τ_c$) inevitably grows with system diameter, while microscopic quantum coherence ($τ_q$) remains strictly bounded. Beyond a critical scale, this mismatch breaches the classical control light cone, triggering a superlinear geometric penalty ($ε> 0$) that renders monolithic synchronization physically impossible. We formalize the resulting structural phase transition through a governing scaling law, $1+ε> γ$, which mandates modular decomposition and a shift from global unitaries to Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC). To manage the resulting resource contention under strict coherence budgets, we introduce a layered semantic architecture and a time-aware Reserve--Commit protocol. By embedding predictive temporal pre-validation, the protocol acts as an architectural semantic classifier: it preemptively aborts transactions that exceed the causal horizon and explicitly converts scheduling-induced failures into location-known erasure metadata, directly relaxing hardware fidelity thresholds for downstream QEC decoders. Under near-term transduction targets ($η_{\mathrm{trans}} \sim 0.1$), we project a crossover scale at $N_c \sim 10^5$--$10^6$ physical qubits. This threshold marks a profound architectural convergence: the footprint required for modularity aligns precisely with early fault-tolerant utility, establishing time-aware distributed orchestration, rather than monolithic expansion or centralized classical control, as the physical imperative for utility-scale quantum computing. |
| title | Beyond Monolithic Scaling: Modularity and Heterogeneity as an Architectural Imperative for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24059 |