Data-Driven Privacy-Preserving Modeling and Frequency Regulation with Aggregated Electric Vehicles via Bilinear Hidden Markov Model

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Yiping, Wang, Xiaozhe, Joos, Geza
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liu, Yiping
Wang, Xiaozhe
Joos, Geza
author_facet Liu, Yiping
Wang, Xiaozhe
Joos, Geza
contents Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows bidirectional power flow for real-time grid support, making electric vehicles (EVs) well-suited for ancillary services such as frequency regulation. However, existing methods for flexibility estimation and coordinating aggregated EVs often rely on individual EV traveling information (e.g., arrival/departure time) and/or characteristic parameters (e.g., charging efficiency, battery capacity) as well as real-time state-of-charge (SOC), which raises privacy concerns and faces data quality issues. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a data-driven, privacy-preserving modeling and control framework for frequency regulation using aggregated EVs. The proposed method can provide accurate estimation for power outputs and flexibility of aggregated EVs and carry out effective frequency regulation without any individual EV information. Simulation results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, which also outperforms the model-based and federated learning-based method under SOC data inaccuracies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_24724
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Data-Driven Privacy-Preserving Modeling and Frequency Regulation with Aggregated Electric Vehicles via Bilinear Hidden Markov Model
Liu, Yiping
Wang, Xiaozhe
Joos, Geza
Systems and Control
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows bidirectional power flow for real-time grid support, making electric vehicles (EVs) well-suited for ancillary services such as frequency regulation. However, existing methods for flexibility estimation and coordinating aggregated EVs often rely on individual EV traveling information (e.g., arrival/departure time) and/or characteristic parameters (e.g., charging efficiency, battery capacity) as well as real-time state-of-charge (SOC), which raises privacy concerns and faces data quality issues. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a data-driven, privacy-preserving modeling and control framework for frequency regulation using aggregated EVs. The proposed method can provide accurate estimation for power outputs and flexibility of aggregated EVs and carry out effective frequency regulation without any individual EV information. Simulation results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, which also outperforms the model-based and federated learning-based method under SOC data inaccuracies.
title Data-Driven Privacy-Preserving Modeling and Frequency Regulation with Aggregated Electric Vehicles via Bilinear Hidden Markov Model
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24724