On the Average-Case Performance of Greedy for Maximum Coverage

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Balkanski, Eric, Chatzitheodorou, Jason, Sentenac, Flore
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Balkanski, Eric
Chatzitheodorou, Jason
Sentenac, Flore
author_facet Balkanski, Eric
Chatzitheodorou, Jason
Sentenac, Flore
contents For the classical maximum coverage problem, the greedy algorithm achieves a worst-case $1-1/e$ approximation, which is optimal unless $\text{P} = \text{NP}$. The notion of coverage appears in a wide range of optimization tasks, where empirical evaluations indicate approximation ratios close to $1$ for the greedy algorithm on real data. Random models have provided average-case justifications for the empirical performance of many well-known algorithms, but little is known about the average-case performance of greedy for maximum coverage. We analyze the expected approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm in a random model, which we call the left-regular random model. We first show that, for all parameter settings of this model, the expected approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm improves by a constant over its worst-case $1-1/e$ guarantee. We then identify two simple conditions, either of which ensures that the expected approximation ratio is close to $1$ for sufficiently large graphs. Finally, we show that there is a regime where greedy does not achieve an expected approximation better than $0.94$. To obtain these results, we develop analytical tools, including a novel application of the differential equation method and a connection to maximum matching in Erdős-Rényi graphs, which may be of independent interest for other random models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_24884
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Average-Case Performance of Greedy for Maximum Coverage
Balkanski, Eric
Chatzitheodorou, Jason
Sentenac, Flore
Data Structures and Algorithms
05C80 (Primary), 68W40, 68Q25, 60C05, 68W25
F.2.2; G.2.2; G.3
For the classical maximum coverage problem, the greedy algorithm achieves a worst-case $1-1/e$ approximation, which is optimal unless $\text{P} = \text{NP}$. The notion of coverage appears in a wide range of optimization tasks, where empirical evaluations indicate approximation ratios close to $1$ for the greedy algorithm on real data. Random models have provided average-case justifications for the empirical performance of many well-known algorithms, but little is known about the average-case performance of greedy for maximum coverage. We analyze the expected approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm in a random model, which we call the left-regular random model. We first show that, for all parameter settings of this model, the expected approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm improves by a constant over its worst-case $1-1/e$ guarantee. We then identify two simple conditions, either of which ensures that the expected approximation ratio is close to $1$ for sufficiently large graphs. Finally, we show that there is a regime where greedy does not achieve an expected approximation better than $0.94$. To obtain these results, we develop analytical tools, including a novel application of the differential equation method and a connection to maximum matching in Erdős-Rényi graphs, which may be of independent interest for other random models.
title On the Average-Case Performance of Greedy for Maximum Coverage
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
05C80 (Primary), 68W40, 68Q25, 60C05, 68W25
F.2.2; G.2.2; G.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24884