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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24950 |
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| _version_ | 1866910172501245952 |
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| author | Schulthess, Lukas Rätz, Andreas Magno, Michele Mayer, Philipp |
| author_facet | Schulthess, Lukas Rätz, Andreas Magno, Michele Mayer, Philipp |
| contents | Energy harvesting promises maintenance-free operation of wireless sensor nodes but introduces strong dependencies on stochastic and deployment-specific environmental conditions. In particular, solar-powered systems are highly sensitive to variations in irradiance and spectral composition, which complicates system-level design, parameter tuning, and reliable verification. This work presents a solar testbed in which active control via Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) enables stable and repeatable illumination conditions for evaluating ultra-low-power energy harvesting systems. The proposed LED-based solar testbed provides spectrally configurable illumination over a wide dynamic range, from 5.7 mW/m2 to 908 kW/m2. It achieves Class AAA performance according to IEC 60904-9, with a spectral match below 1.3% and a spatial non-uniformity below 1.28% over a 16.5 cm x 16.5 cm test area. The long-term irradiance instability remains below 0.6%. Closed-loop control using integrated illuminance and spectral sensors ensures high temporal stability, while a temperature-controlled DUT stage supports long-term experiments. Experimental results demonstrate high repeatability and suitability for systematic laboratory characterization of solar energy harvesting systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_24950 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Class AAA Solar Testbed for Reproducible Long-Term Characterization of Energy-Harvesting Systems Schulthess, Lukas Rätz, Andreas Magno, Michele Mayer, Philipp Systems and Control Energy harvesting promises maintenance-free operation of wireless sensor nodes but introduces strong dependencies on stochastic and deployment-specific environmental conditions. In particular, solar-powered systems are highly sensitive to variations in irradiance and spectral composition, which complicates system-level design, parameter tuning, and reliable verification. This work presents a solar testbed in which active control via Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) enables stable and repeatable illumination conditions for evaluating ultra-low-power energy harvesting systems. The proposed LED-based solar testbed provides spectrally configurable illumination over a wide dynamic range, from 5.7 mW/m2 to 908 kW/m2. It achieves Class AAA performance according to IEC 60904-9, with a spectral match below 1.3% and a spatial non-uniformity below 1.28% over a 16.5 cm x 16.5 cm test area. The long-term irradiance instability remains below 0.6%. Closed-loop control using integrated illuminance and spectral sensors ensures high temporal stability, while a temperature-controlled DUT stage supports long-term experiments. Experimental results demonstrate high repeatability and suitability for systematic laboratory characterization of solar energy harvesting systems. |
| title | A Class AAA Solar Testbed for Reproducible Long-Term Characterization of Energy-Harvesting Systems |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24950 |