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Main Authors: Schulthess, Lukas, Rätz, Andreas, Magno, Michele, Mayer, Philipp
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24950
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author Schulthess, Lukas
Rätz, Andreas
Magno, Michele
Mayer, Philipp
author_facet Schulthess, Lukas
Rätz, Andreas
Magno, Michele
Mayer, Philipp
contents Energy harvesting promises maintenance-free operation of wireless sensor nodes but introduces strong dependencies on stochastic and deployment-specific environmental conditions. In particular, solar-powered systems are highly sensitive to variations in irradiance and spectral composition, which complicates system-level design, parameter tuning, and reliable verification. This work presents a solar testbed in which active control via Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) enables stable and repeatable illumination conditions for evaluating ultra-low-power energy harvesting systems. The proposed LED-based solar testbed provides spectrally configurable illumination over a wide dynamic range, from 5.7 mW/m2 to 908 kW/m2. It achieves Class AAA performance according to IEC 60904-9, with a spectral match below 1.3% and a spatial non-uniformity below 1.28% over a 16.5 cm x 16.5 cm test area. The long-term irradiance instability remains below 0.6%. Closed-loop control using integrated illuminance and spectral sensors ensures high temporal stability, while a temperature-controlled DUT stage supports long-term experiments. Experimental results demonstrate high repeatability and suitability for systematic laboratory characterization of solar energy harvesting systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_24950
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Class AAA Solar Testbed for Reproducible Long-Term Characterization of Energy-Harvesting Systems
Schulthess, Lukas
Rätz, Andreas
Magno, Michele
Mayer, Philipp
Systems and Control
Energy harvesting promises maintenance-free operation of wireless sensor nodes but introduces strong dependencies on stochastic and deployment-specific environmental conditions. In particular, solar-powered systems are highly sensitive to variations in irradiance and spectral composition, which complicates system-level design, parameter tuning, and reliable verification. This work presents a solar testbed in which active control via Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) enables stable and repeatable illumination conditions for evaluating ultra-low-power energy harvesting systems. The proposed LED-based solar testbed provides spectrally configurable illumination over a wide dynamic range, from 5.7 mW/m2 to 908 kW/m2. It achieves Class AAA performance according to IEC 60904-9, with a spectral match below 1.3% and a spatial non-uniformity below 1.28% over a 16.5 cm x 16.5 cm test area. The long-term irradiance instability remains below 0.6%. Closed-loop control using integrated illuminance and spectral sensors ensures high temporal stability, while a temperature-controlled DUT stage supports long-term experiments. Experimental results demonstrate high repeatability and suitability for systematic laboratory characterization of solar energy harvesting systems.
title A Class AAA Solar Testbed for Reproducible Long-Term Characterization of Energy-Harvesting Systems
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24950