Markovian thermodynamics of non-Markovian Langevin equations

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Hauptverfasser: Dechant, Andreas, Kanazawa, Kiyoshi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Dechant, Andreas
Kanazawa, Kiyoshi
author_facet Dechant, Andreas
Kanazawa, Kiyoshi
contents We develop the thermodynamics of non-Markovian generalized Langevin equations by embedding them in a high-dimensional Markovian representation involving auxiliary degrees of freedom. If the memory is linear and satisfies detailed balance with the noise, we provide an explicit construction of the embedding for non-Markovian dynamics with many degrees of freedom and hydrodynamic interactions. Moreover, while the embedding is generally not unique, we show that it results in unique values of thermodynamic quantities of the Markovian system. This allows us to define the Markovian entropy production of a non-Markovian system, which, in contrast to the definition based directly on the non-Markovian dynamics, is guaranteed to increase monotonically with time. Moreover, the Markovian representation allows us to identify the apparent decrease in the non-Markovian entropy with heat and information exchange between the system and the auxiliary degrees of freedom.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25095
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Markovian thermodynamics of non-Markovian Langevin equations
Dechant, Andreas
Kanazawa, Kiyoshi
Statistical Mechanics
We develop the thermodynamics of non-Markovian generalized Langevin equations by embedding them in a high-dimensional Markovian representation involving auxiliary degrees of freedom. If the memory is linear and satisfies detailed balance with the noise, we provide an explicit construction of the embedding for non-Markovian dynamics with many degrees of freedom and hydrodynamic interactions. Moreover, while the embedding is generally not unique, we show that it results in unique values of thermodynamic quantities of the Markovian system. This allows us to define the Markovian entropy production of a non-Markovian system, which, in contrast to the definition based directly on the non-Markovian dynamics, is guaranteed to increase monotonically with time. Moreover, the Markovian representation allows us to identify the apparent decrease in the non-Markovian entropy with heat and information exchange between the system and the auxiliary degrees of freedom.
title Markovian thermodynamics of non-Markovian Langevin equations
topic Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25095