Cover Image

Below-Chance Blindness: Prompted Underperformance in Small LLMs Produces Positional Bias Rather than Answer Avoidance

Fuente: arXiv

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence I.2.7
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Similar Items

LLMs as Signal Detectors: Sensitivity, Bias, and the Temperature-Criterion Analogy
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Option-Order Randomisation Reveals a Distributional Position Attractor in Prompted Sandbagging
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Instruction Complexity Induces Positional Collapse in Adversarial LLM Evaluation
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Do LLMs Know What They Know? Measuring Metacognitive Efficiency with Signal Detection Theory
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Weber's Law in Transformer Magnitude Representations: Efficient Coding, Representational Geometry, and Psychophysical Laws in Language Models
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Beyond the Mean: Within-Model Reliable Change Detection for LLM Evaluation
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Distilling Self-Consistency into Verbal Confidence: A Pre-Registered Negative Result and Post-Hoc Rescue on Gemma 3 4B
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Exemplar Retrieval Without Overhypothesis Induction: Limits of Distributional Sequence Learning in Early Word Learning
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

Categorical Perception in Large Language Model Hidden States: Structural Warping at Digit-Count Boundaries
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

RomanLens: The Role Of Latent Romanization In Multilinguality In LLMs
by: Saji, Alan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Repetition Without Exclusivity: Scale Sensitivity of Referential Mechanisms in Child-Scale Language Models
by: Cacioli, Jon-Paul
Published: (2026)

EduAdapt: A Question Answer Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Grade-Level Adaptability in LLMs
by: Naeem, Numaan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Positional Failures in Long-Context LLMs: A Blind Spot in Reasoning Benchmarks
by: Zhang, Chuyifei, et al.
Published: (2026)

Graph Guided Question Answer Generation for Procedural Question-Answering
by: Pham, Hai X., et al.
Published: (2024)

An Adaptive Framework for Generating Systematic Explanatory Answer in Online Q&A Platforms
by: Chen, Ziyang, et al.
Published: (2024)

Fine-Tuned 'Small' LLMs (Still) Significantly Outperform Zero-Shot Generative AI Models in Text Classification
by: Bucher, Martin Juan José, et al.
Published: (2024)

Large Language Model (LLM) Bias Index -- LLMBI
by: Oketunji, Abiodun Finbarrs, et al.
Published: (2023)

Persuasiveness and Bias in LLM: Investigating the Impact of Persuasiveness and Reinforcement of Bias in Language Models
by: Roy, Saumya
Published: (2025)

Text-Based Approaches to Item Difficulty Modeling in Large-Scale Assessments: A Systematic Review
by: Peters, Sydney, et al.
Published: (2025)

Identifying Bias in Machine-generated Text Detection
by: Stowe, Kevin, et al.
Published: (2025)

The Generation Gap: Exploring Age Bias in the Value Systems of Large Language Models
by: Liu, Siyang, et al.
Published: (2024)

CodeNER: Code Prompting for Named Entity Recognition
by: Han, Sungwoo, et al.
Published: (2025)

Prompt-Time Symbolic Knowledge Capture with Large Language Models
by: Çöplü, Tolga, et al.
Published: (2024)

From Reading to Compressing: Exploring the Multi-document Reader for Prompt Compression
by: Choi, Eunseong, et al.
Published: (2024)

Detecting and Steering LLMs' Empathy in Action
by: Cadile, Juan P.
Published: (2025)

The Perplexity Paradox: Why Code Compresses Better Than Math in LLM Prompts
by: Johnson, Warren
Published: (2026)

Prompt-Time Ontology-Driven Symbolic Knowledge Capture with Large Language Models
by: Çöplü, Tolga, et al.
Published: (2024)

APIO: Automatic Prompt Induction and Optimization for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplification
by: Chernodub, Artem, et al.
Published: (2025)

ExpressivityBench: Can LLMs Communicate Implicitly?
by: Tint, Joshua, et al.
Published: (2024)

LLMs and Memorization: On Quality and Specificity of Copyright Compliance
by: Mueller, Felix B, et al.
Published: (2024)

Training LLMs to Recognize Hedges in Spontaneous Narratives
by: Paige, Amie J., et al.
Published: (2024)

Why Models Know But Don't Say: Chain-of-Thought Faithfulness Divergence Between Thinking Tokens and Answers in Open-Weight Reasoning Models
by: Young, Richard J.
Published: (2026)

Cultural Benchmarking of LLMs in Standard and Dialectal Arabic Dialogues
by: Kautsar, Muhammad Dehan Al, et al.
Published: (2026)

Multilingual jailbreaking of LLMs using low-resource languages
by: Marx, Dylan, et al.
Published: (2026)

Detecting Data Contamination in LLMs via In-Context Learning
by: Zawalski, Michał, et al.
Published: (2025)

Knowledge-Augmented Multimodal Clinical Rationale Generation for Disease Diagnosis with Small Language Models
by: Niu, Shuai, et al.
Published: (2024)

From Guessing to Asking: An Approach to Resolving the Persona Knowledge Gap in LLMs during Multi-Turn Conversations
by: Baskar, Sarvesh, et al.
Published: (2025)

Measuring Reasoning Utility in LLMs via Conditional Entropy Reduction
by: Guo, Xu
Published: (2025)

Middleware for LLMs: Tools Are Instrumental for Language Agents in Complex Environments
by: Gu, Yu, et al.
Published: (2024)

NeuralNexus at BEA 2025 Shared Task: Retrieval-Augmented Prompting for Mistake Identification in AI Tutors
by: Naeem, Numaan, et al.
Published: (2025)