Limitations of LTI Koopman Modeling for Nonlinear Control Systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Heeg, Johannes, Worthmann, Karl
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Heeg, Johannes
Worthmann, Karl
author_facet Heeg, Johannes
Worthmann, Karl
contents Koopman operator theory yields powerful tools for modeling, analysis, and control of nonlinear dynamical systems. Prominently, linear time-invariant (LTI) Koopman representations have been proposed to enable the application of linear control techniques, such as LQR and convex MPC. In this work, we investigate the implications of exact LTI Koopman representations for continuous-time nonlinear control systems. In particular, we show that, assuming a mild controllability condition and the inclusion of the coordinate maps, the dynamics of the underlying control system must be affine linear. Furthermore, we study the modeling bias introduced by the LTI structure and analyze its dependency on the choice of observables.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25290
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Limitations of LTI Koopman Modeling for Nonlinear Control Systems
Heeg, Johannes
Worthmann, Karl
Optimization and Control
Koopman operator theory yields powerful tools for modeling, analysis, and control of nonlinear dynamical systems. Prominently, linear time-invariant (LTI) Koopman representations have been proposed to enable the application of linear control techniques, such as LQR and convex MPC. In this work, we investigate the implications of exact LTI Koopman representations for continuous-time nonlinear control systems. In particular, we show that, assuming a mild controllability condition and the inclusion of the coordinate maps, the dynamics of the underlying control system must be affine linear. Furthermore, we study the modeling bias introduced by the LTI structure and analyze its dependency on the choice of observables.
title Limitations of LTI Koopman Modeling for Nonlinear Control Systems
topic Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25290