The Structured Output Benchmark: A Multi-Source Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Output Quality in Large Language Models
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911628111380480 |
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| author | Singh, Abhinav Kumar Khurdula, Harsha Vardhan Khemlani, Yoeven D Agarwal, Vineet |
| author_facet | Singh, Abhinav Kumar Khurdula, Harsha Vardhan Khemlani, Yoeven D Agarwal, Vineet |
| contents | Large Language Models are increasingly being deployed to extract structured data from unstructured and semi-structured sources: parsing invoices, medical records, and converting PDF documents to database entries. Yet existing benchmarks for structured output generation either focus on schema compliance alone, or evaluate value correctness within a single source domain. We introduce SOB (The Structured Output Benchmark), a multi-source benchmark spanning three source modalities: native text, images, and audio conversations. All models receive a text-normalized representation of their context regardless of source modality; this deliberate design isolates structured-output capability from raw vision or speech-processing quality, ensuring a fair, source-agnostic comparison. Our benchmark comprises 5,000 text evaluation records derived from multi-hop QA drawn from a 25,091-record full corpus, 209 image records from OCR-processed PDFs across seven document types including multi-column layouts, dense tables, scanned historical documents, small-print text, and mathematical typesetting, and 115 audio records from the AMI corpus. Each record pairs a natural-language question with a JSON schema that the model must follow and a ground-truth answer verified against the source context. We evaluate 21 frontier and open-weight models across three source domains and seven metrics. Our results reveal a consistent pattern: models achieve near-perfect schema compliance, yet the best Value Accuracy, measured by exact leaf-value match, reaches only 83.0% on text, 67.2% on images, and 23.7% on audio, where longer context makes extraction substantially harder. We release the dataset, evaluation pipeline, and all related code. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25359 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Structured Output Benchmark: A Multi-Source Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Output Quality in Large Language Models Singh, Abhinav Kumar Khurdula, Harsha Vardhan Khemlani, Yoeven D Agarwal, Vineet Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models are increasingly being deployed to extract structured data from unstructured and semi-structured sources: parsing invoices, medical records, and converting PDF documents to database entries. Yet existing benchmarks for structured output generation either focus on schema compliance alone, or evaluate value correctness within a single source domain. We introduce SOB (The Structured Output Benchmark), a multi-source benchmark spanning three source modalities: native text, images, and audio conversations. All models receive a text-normalized representation of their context regardless of source modality; this deliberate design isolates structured-output capability from raw vision or speech-processing quality, ensuring a fair, source-agnostic comparison. Our benchmark comprises 5,000 text evaluation records derived from multi-hop QA drawn from a 25,091-record full corpus, 209 image records from OCR-processed PDFs across seven document types including multi-column layouts, dense tables, scanned historical documents, small-print text, and mathematical typesetting, and 115 audio records from the AMI corpus. Each record pairs a natural-language question with a JSON schema that the model must follow and a ground-truth answer verified against the source context. We evaluate 21 frontier and open-weight models across three source domains and seven metrics. Our results reveal a consistent pattern: models achieve near-perfect schema compliance, yet the best Value Accuracy, measured by exact leaf-value match, reaches only 83.0% on text, 67.2% on images, and 23.7% on audio, where longer context makes extraction substantially harder. We release the dataset, evaluation pipeline, and all related code. |
| title | The Structured Output Benchmark: A Multi-Source Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Output Quality in Large Language Models |
| topic | Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25359 |