Sudoku Solving and Finding Magic Squares by Probability Models and Markov Chains

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Hjort, Nils Lid
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hjort, Nils Lid
author_facet Hjort, Nils Lid
contents The sudoku puzzles have a long history, with variations going back more than a hundred years, but its current and perhaps surprising world-wide prominence goes back to certain initiatives and then puzzle-generating computer programmes from just after 2000. To solve a sudoko puzzle, a statistician can put up a probabilitymodel on the enormous space of $9\times9$ matrix possibilities, constructed to favour `good attempts', and then engineer a Markov chain to sample a long enough chain of sudoku table realisations from that model, until the solution is found. The methods work also for other types of puzzles, like constructing `magic squares' with wished-for properties (sums of rows, columns, diagonals equal, etc.), as is also illustrated in this article; via magic models and equally magic Markov chains I find impressively magic $8\times8$ and $10\times10$ squares.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25402
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sudoku Solving and Finding Magic Squares by Probability Models and Markov Chains
Hjort, Nils Lid
Other Statistics
The sudoku puzzles have a long history, with variations going back more than a hundred years, but its current and perhaps surprising world-wide prominence goes back to certain initiatives and then puzzle-generating computer programmes from just after 2000. To solve a sudoko puzzle, a statistician can put up a probabilitymodel on the enormous space of $9\times9$ matrix possibilities, constructed to favour `good attempts', and then engineer a Markov chain to sample a long enough chain of sudoku table realisations from that model, until the solution is found. The methods work also for other types of puzzles, like constructing `magic squares' with wished-for properties (sums of rows, columns, diagonals equal, etc.), as is also illustrated in this article; via magic models and equally magic Markov chains I find impressively magic $8\times8$ and $10\times10$ squares.
title Sudoku Solving and Finding Magic Squares by Probability Models and Markov Chains
topic Other Statistics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25402