Curiosity and Metacognition: Towards a Unified Framework for Learning and Education in the Age of AI

Fuente: arXiv

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Desvaux, Chloé, Abdelghani, Rania, Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves, Sauzéon, Hélène
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Computers and Society
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

The Illusion of Understanding: How Middle-Schoolers Fail to Regulate Inquiry with ChatGPT in a Science Task
by: Abdelghani, Rania, et al.
Published: (2025)

Teaching Students to Question the Machine: An AI Literacy Intervention Improves Students' Regulation of LLM Use in a Science Task
by: Clerc, O., et al.
Published: (2026)

Improved Performances and Motivation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Combining Machine Learning and Learner Choice
by: Clément, Benjamin, et al.
Published: (2024)

Learning Context: A Unified Framework and Roadmap for Context-Aware AI in Education
by: Liu, Naiming, et al.
Published: (2025)

Plan More, Debug Less: Applying Metacognitive Theory to AI-Assisted Programming Education
by: Phung, Tung, et al.
Published: (2025)

Towards an Operational Responsible AI Framework for Learning Analytics in Higher Education
by: Tirado, Alba Morales, et al.
Published: (2024)

AI Misuse in Education Is a Measurement Problem: Toward a Learning Visibility Framework
by: Davalos, Eduardo, et al.
Published: (2026)

Exploring Flow-Lenia Universes with a Curiosity-driven AI Scientist: Discovering Diverse Ecosystem Dynamics
by: Michel, Thomas, et al.
Published: (2025)

MetaCLASS: Metacognitive Coaching for Learning with Adaptive Self-regulation Support
by: Liu, Naiming, et al.
Published: (2026)

Metacognition Should Be the Scientific Framework for Bounded and Effective Self-Governance in Generative AI
by: Ji, Eugene Yu, et al.
Published: (2026)

AI, Metacognition, and the Verification Bottleneck: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study of Human Problem-Solving
by: Huemmer, Matthias, et al.
Published: (2026)

Towards an Ethical AI Curriculum: A Pan-African, Culturally Contextualized Framework for Primary and Secondary Education
by: Adedeji, Abidemi Kuburat, et al.
Published: (2026)

Automatic Generation of Question Hints for Mathematics Problems using Large Language Models in Educational Technology
by: Tonga, Junior Cedric, et al.
Published: (2024)

A Unified Framework to Quantify Cultural Intelligence of AI
by: Dev, Sunipa, et al.
Published: (2026)

Towards an Evaluation Methodology for AI in Second Language Education: Lessons Learned from Developing L2-Bench
by: Edgell, James, et al.
Published: (2026)

The AI Assessment Scale Revisited: A Framework for Educational Assessment
by: Perkins, Mike, et al.
Published: (2024)

Integrating AI Education in Disciplinary Engineering Fields: Towards a System and Change Perspective
by: Schleiss, Johannes, et al.
Published: (2024)

Fashion Industry in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Metaverse: A systematic Review
by: Ahmed, Rania, et al.
Published: (2025)

Towards a Privacy and Security-Aware Framework for Ethical AI: Guiding the Development and Assessment of AI Systems
by: Korobenko, Daria, et al.
Published: (2024)

Sparking Curiosity in Digital System Design Lectures with Take Home Labs
by: Gulgonul, Senol
Published: (2025)

The AI Pyramid A Conceptual Framework for Workforce Capability in the Age of AI
by: Khatri, Alok, et al.
Published: (2026)

From Co-Design to Metacognitive Laziness: Evaluating Generative AI in Vocational Education
by: Yunus, Amir, et al.
Published: (2025)

Metacognitive Myopia in Large Language Models
by: Scholten, Florian, et al.
Published: (2024)

Whole-Person Education for AI Engineers
by: Khan, Rubaina, et al.
Published: (2025)

The Tragedy of Productivity: A Unified Framework for Diagnosing Coordination Failures in Labor Markets and AI Governance
by: Dasdan, Ali
Published: (2025)

Toward an Engineering of Science: Rebalancing Generation and Verification in the Age of AI
by: Ma, Jiaqi W.
Published: (2026)

Revisiting UTAUT for the Age of AI: Understanding Employees AI Adoption and Usage Patterns Through an Extended UTAUT Framework
by: Wolfe, Diana, et al.
Published: (2025)

Fostering Self-Directed Growth with Generative AI: Toward a New Learning Analytics Framework
by: Mao, Qianrun
Published: (2025)

AI-Educational Development Loop (AI-EDL): A Conceptual Framework to Bridge AI Capabilities with Classical Educational Theories
by: Yu, Ning, et al.
Published: (2025)

Modernizing Ground Truth: Four Shifts Toward Improving Reliability and Validity in AI in Education
by: Thomas, Danielle R., et al.
Published: (2026)

Bridging MOOCs, Smart Teaching, and AI: A Decade of Evolution Toward a Unified Pedagogy
by: Yuan, Bo, et al.
Published: (2025)

Framework for Adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in Education
by: Shailendra, Samar, et al.
Published: (2024)

Towards a methodology to consider the environmental impacts of digital agriculture
by: La Rocca, Pierre
Published: (2023)

Beyond authorship: Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and the challenges of appropriate attribution
by: Maddi, Abdelghani, et al.
Published: (2025)

Operationalizing Justice: Towards the Development of a Principle Based Design Framework for Human Services AI
by: Rodriguez, Maria Y., et al.
Published: (2025)

A Unifying Human-Centered AI Fairness Framework
by: Rahman, Munshi Mahbubur, et al.
Published: (2025)

Towards A Framework for Levels of Anthropomorphic Deception in Robots and AI
by: Babel, Franziska, et al.
Published: (2026)

The AI Revolution in Education: Will AI Replace or Assist Teachers in Higher Education?
by: Chan, Cecilia Ka Yuk, et al.
Published: (2023)

Vibe Learning: Education in the age of AI
by: Florencio, Marcos, et al.
Published: (2025)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59"
language	"en"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1791217520.1293 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1433}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1759}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59; language=en; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.217.58"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"26440"
REDIRECT_URL	""" /Record/\n arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25648/Similar """
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/%0Aarxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25648/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1791217520.1252
REQUEST_TIME	1791217520

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59"
language	"en"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1791217520.1293 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1433}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1759}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=cfad4f8aca2076bccb8c4c36c19c8e59; language=en; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.217.58"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"26440"
REDIRECT_URL	""" /Record/\n arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25648/Similar """
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/%0Aarxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25648/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1791217520.1252
REQUEST_TIME	1791217520

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Similar Items

Similar Items

Environment & details:

Environment & details: