Intensity-guided pose-free multiview fusion for single photon sensing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Jinyi, Liu, Lijun, Cheng, Shuming, Hu, Xiaomin, Hong, Yiguang, Zhang, Weiping
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liu, Jinyi
Liu, Lijun
Cheng, Shuming
Hu, Xiaomin
Hong, Yiguang
Zhang, Weiping
author_facet Liu, Jinyi
Liu, Lijun
Cheng, Shuming
Hu, Xiaomin
Hong, Yiguang
Zhang, Weiping
contents Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) extends active three-dimensional sensing at the fundamental level and has found applications in extreme environments involving long-range operation, low-reflectance targets, and adverse visibility. However, the acquired measurements often give rise to single-photon point clouds that are sparse, spatially non-uniform, and corrupted by outliers and depth distortions, making multi-view registration challenging especially when sensor poses are not accurately known. In this work, we present a geometry-intensity coupled registration framework (GIC-Reg) of pose-free multi-view fusion for single-photon sensing. It is established by combining physical-aware preprocessing, joint geometry-intensity grid feature aggregation, global matching, and local ambiguity disambiguation to estimate inter-view rigid transformations and hence to construct a globally consistent reconstruction. On the synthetic benchmark, it admits the lowest relative rotation error (RRE), relative translation error, and root mean square error across all background-noise and dropout rates, in comparison to baselines. Notably, under the most degraded dropout, it reduces the RRE from $13.167^\circ$ to $8.459^\circ$ compared with the learning-based baseline. Furthermore, experimental results on real multi-view data acquired at about 80~m show that it achieves more reliable global orientation and local alignment. Our results show that photon intensity provides an effective physical cue for stabilizing multiview registration in single-photon point cloud, and thus our work aids significant progress in exploring practical utility of single-photon sensing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25666
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intensity-guided pose-free multiview fusion for single photon sensing
Liu, Jinyi
Liu, Lijun
Cheng, Shuming
Hu, Xiaomin
Hong, Yiguang
Zhang, Weiping
Optics
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) extends active three-dimensional sensing at the fundamental level and has found applications in extreme environments involving long-range operation, low-reflectance targets, and adverse visibility. However, the acquired measurements often give rise to single-photon point clouds that are sparse, spatially non-uniform, and corrupted by outliers and depth distortions, making multi-view registration challenging especially when sensor poses are not accurately known. In this work, we present a geometry-intensity coupled registration framework (GIC-Reg) of pose-free multi-view fusion for single-photon sensing. It is established by combining physical-aware preprocessing, joint geometry-intensity grid feature aggregation, global matching, and local ambiguity disambiguation to estimate inter-view rigid transformations and hence to construct a globally consistent reconstruction. On the synthetic benchmark, it admits the lowest relative rotation error (RRE), relative translation error, and root mean square error across all background-noise and dropout rates, in comparison to baselines. Notably, under the most degraded dropout, it reduces the RRE from $13.167^\circ$ to $8.459^\circ$ compared with the learning-based baseline. Furthermore, experimental results on real multi-view data acquired at about 80~m show that it achieves more reliable global orientation and local alignment. Our results show that photon intensity provides an effective physical cue for stabilizing multiview registration in single-photon point cloud, and thus our work aids significant progress in exploring practical utility of single-photon sensing.
title Intensity-guided pose-free multiview fusion for single photon sensing
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25666