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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25991 |
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| author | Lambrides, Erini Hutchison, Taylor A. Larson, Rebecca L. Haro, Pablo Arrabal Papovich, Casey Hu, Weida Cleri, Nikko J. Finkelstein, Steven L. Trump, Jonathan R. Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G. Wang, Bingjie Kocevski, Dale D. Chisholm, John Secunda, Amy Bosman, Sarah E. I. Akins, Hollis Karmen, Mitchell Dickinson, Mark Bromm, Volker Backhaus, Bren E. Chiaberge, Marco Cooper, Olivia R. Ajay, Yukta Barro, Guillermo Berg, Danielle A. Cann, Jenna Cooper, M. C. Grogin, Norman A. Hirschmann, Michaela Huertas-Company, Marc Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Koekemoer, Anton M. Lucas, Ray A. Long, Arianna S. Gilli, Roberto Norman, Colin Ptak, Andrew F. Richardson, Chris T. Rigby, Jane R. Vanderhoof, Brittany N. Yung, L. Y. Aaron Zavala, Jorge A. |
| author_facet | Lambrides, Erini Hutchison, Taylor A. Larson, Rebecca L. Haro, Pablo Arrabal Papovich, Casey Hu, Weida Cleri, Nikko J. Finkelstein, Steven L. Trump, Jonathan R. Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G. Wang, Bingjie Kocevski, Dale D. Chisholm, John Secunda, Amy Bosman, Sarah E. I. Akins, Hollis Karmen, Mitchell Dickinson, Mark Bromm, Volker Backhaus, Bren E. Chiaberge, Marco Cooper, Olivia R. Ajay, Yukta Barro, Guillermo Berg, Danielle A. Cann, Jenna Cooper, M. C. Grogin, Norman A. Hirschmann, Michaela Huertas-Company, Marc Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Koekemoer, Anton M. Lucas, Ray A. Long, Arianna S. Gilli, Roberto Norman, Colin Ptak, Andrew F. Richardson, Chris T. Rigby, Jane R. Vanderhoof, Brittany N. Yung, L. Y. Aaron Zavala, Jorge A. |
| contents | The enigmatic population of ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) sit at the center of some of the largest debates in extragalactic astronomy today. The source(s) of ionizing emission and the physical scale over which it governs is still largely unknown. We show for the first time spectroscopic variability in a z ~ 7 LRD. Comparing a recently obtained 10.2 hr JWST/NIRSpec F290LP/G395M spectrum via the C3PO survey to an 8.4 hr F290LP/G395M spectrum taken 99 days earlier (~13 rest-days) via the THRILS survey, we find a ~30% $ difference in the continuum and broad-line flux, and a 42% difference between [OIII]5008 flux in the two epochs. Through rigorous testing, we confirm that such differences are not the result of differing MSA slit placements on source nor merely flux calibration offsets. These results are further corroborated by both a similar continuum and [OIII]5008 flux differences found in NIRSpec prism/clear observations of the source at an epoch taken approximately a year earlier than the THRILS observations via RUBIES and an additional observation fortuitously taken during the THRILS epoch (within a rest-day) via the CAPERS survey. Assuming LRDs are a type of accreting black hole system, this implies direct sight-lines must exist from the accretion disk to the surrounding nebular gas on scales beyond the broad-line region, and thus any high-density gas interpretations must allow for covering fractions < 100%. Furthermore, these results show the [OIII] line emission is likely not galaxy process-dominated, with a significant population of the narrow-line emitting gas closest to the broad-line region being directly ionized by the LRD. Finally, these results highlight the need for new approaches in inferring black hole properties of these systems, accounting for the lack of significant ionization via star formation, and/or exploring more exotic host-galaxy conditions at these early epochs. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_25991 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z~7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions Lambrides, Erini Hutchison, Taylor A. Larson, Rebecca L. Haro, Pablo Arrabal Papovich, Casey Hu, Weida Cleri, Nikko J. Finkelstein, Steven L. Trump, Jonathan R. Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G. Wang, Bingjie Kocevski, Dale D. Chisholm, John Secunda, Amy Bosman, Sarah E. I. Akins, Hollis Karmen, Mitchell Dickinson, Mark Bromm, Volker Backhaus, Bren E. Chiaberge, Marco Cooper, Olivia R. Ajay, Yukta Barro, Guillermo Berg, Danielle A. Cann, Jenna Cooper, M. C. Grogin, Norman A. Hirschmann, Michaela Huertas-Company, Marc Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Koekemoer, Anton M. Lucas, Ray A. Long, Arianna S. Gilli, Roberto Norman, Colin Ptak, Andrew F. Richardson, Chris T. Rigby, Jane R. Vanderhoof, Brittany N. Yung, L. Y. Aaron Zavala, Jorge A. Astrophysics of Galaxies The enigmatic population of ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) sit at the center of some of the largest debates in extragalactic astronomy today. The source(s) of ionizing emission and the physical scale over which it governs is still largely unknown. We show for the first time spectroscopic variability in a z ~ 7 LRD. Comparing a recently obtained 10.2 hr JWST/NIRSpec F290LP/G395M spectrum via the C3PO survey to an 8.4 hr F290LP/G395M spectrum taken 99 days earlier (~13 rest-days) via the THRILS survey, we find a ~30% $ difference in the continuum and broad-line flux, and a 42% difference between [OIII]5008 flux in the two epochs. Through rigorous testing, we confirm that such differences are not the result of differing MSA slit placements on source nor merely flux calibration offsets. These results are further corroborated by both a similar continuum and [OIII]5008 flux differences found in NIRSpec prism/clear observations of the source at an epoch taken approximately a year earlier than the THRILS observations via RUBIES and an additional observation fortuitously taken during the THRILS epoch (within a rest-day) via the CAPERS survey. Assuming LRDs are a type of accreting black hole system, this implies direct sight-lines must exist from the accretion disk to the surrounding nebular gas on scales beyond the broad-line region, and thus any high-density gas interpretations must allow for covering fractions < 100%. Furthermore, these results show the [OIII] line emission is likely not galaxy process-dominated, with a significant population of the narrow-line emitting gas closest to the broad-line region being directly ionized by the LRD. Finally, these results highlight the need for new approaches in inferring black hole properties of these systems, accounting for the lack of significant ionization via star formation, and/or exploring more exotic host-galaxy conditions at these early epochs. |
| title | The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z~7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25991 |