Benchmarking PyCaret AutoML Against BiLSTM for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification: A Comparative Study on 20-Class Emotion Detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Siregar, Arya Muda, Siahaan, Arielva Simon, Simbolon, Haikal Fransisko, Muthoharoh, Luluk, Satria, Ardika, Manullang, Martin C. T.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Siregar, Arya Muda
Siahaan, Arielva Simon
Simbolon, Haikal Fransisko
Muthoharoh, Luluk
Satria, Ardika
Manullang, Martin C. T.
author_facet Siregar, Arya Muda
Siahaan, Arielva Simon
Simbolon, Haikal Fransisko
Muthoharoh, Luluk
Satria, Ardika
Manullang, Martin C. T.
contents Fine-grained emotion classification, which identifies specific emotional states such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear, remains a challenging task in natural language processing. This study benchmarks classical machine learning and deep learning approaches for 20-class emotion classification using the 20-Emotion Text Classification Dataset containing 79,595 English sentences. On the machine learning side, Logistic Regression, Multinomial Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine are evaluated using TF-IDF features. On the deep learning side, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit, and a lightweight Transformer implemented in PyTorch are compared. The results show that BiLSTM achieves the best overall performance with 89% accuracy and a weighted F1-score of 0.89, slightly outperforming the best machine learning model, SVM, which reaches 88.11% accuracy. The findings indicate that while traditional machine learning models remain competitive and computationally efficient, sequence-based deep learning models better capture contextual emotional cues in text.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_26310
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Benchmarking PyCaret AutoML Against BiLSTM for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification: A Comparative Study on 20-Class Emotion Detection
Siregar, Arya Muda
Siahaan, Arielva Simon
Simbolon, Haikal Fransisko
Muthoharoh, Luluk
Satria, Ardika
Manullang, Martin C. T.
Computation and Language
Fine-grained emotion classification, which identifies specific emotional states such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear, remains a challenging task in natural language processing. This study benchmarks classical machine learning and deep learning approaches for 20-class emotion classification using the 20-Emotion Text Classification Dataset containing 79,595 English sentences. On the machine learning side, Logistic Regression, Multinomial Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine are evaluated using TF-IDF features. On the deep learning side, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit, and a lightweight Transformer implemented in PyTorch are compared. The results show that BiLSTM achieves the best overall performance with 89% accuracy and a weighted F1-score of 0.89, slightly outperforming the best machine learning model, SVM, which reaches 88.11% accuracy. The findings indicate that while traditional machine learning models remain competitive and computationally efficient, sequence-based deep learning models better capture contextual emotional cues in text.
title Benchmarking PyCaret AutoML Against BiLSTM for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification: A Comparative Study on 20-Class Emotion Detection
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26310