Transient Parity Violation during Inflation: Implications for PTA Gravitational Waves

Fuente: arXiv
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Autore principale: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Tasinato, Gianmassimo
author_facet Tasinato, Gianmassimo
contents We investigate the consequences of a transient phase of enhanced parity violation during inflation. Modeling this phase through a time-localized Chern--Simons-like coupling, we show that it amplifies primordial gravitational waves at small scales, producing a robust spectral shape with a blue growth of effective slope $n_T \simeq 2$, largely insensitive to microscopic details. This prediction lies in the range explored by recent pulsar timing array (PTA) analyses under cosmological power-law interpretations, while differing from the canonical supermassive black hole binary expectation. Our framework thus provides a predictive cosmological template to benchmark astrophysical versus primordial origins of the signal, consistent with cosmic microwave background bounds. The signal also exhibits large linear polarization and non-trivial Stokes correlations, corresponding to an almost maximally phase-coherent helicity state. Such features are difficult to realize in classical stochastic backgrounds, and their detection would provide circumstantial evidence for a primordial, coherently generated origin of the gravitational-wave background.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_26513
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transient Parity Violation during Inflation: Implications for PTA Gravitational Waves
Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Theory
We investigate the consequences of a transient phase of enhanced parity violation during inflation. Modeling this phase through a time-localized Chern--Simons-like coupling, we show that it amplifies primordial gravitational waves at small scales, producing a robust spectral shape with a blue growth of effective slope $n_T \simeq 2$, largely insensitive to microscopic details. This prediction lies in the range explored by recent pulsar timing array (PTA) analyses under cosmological power-law interpretations, while differing from the canonical supermassive black hole binary expectation. Our framework thus provides a predictive cosmological template to benchmark astrophysical versus primordial origins of the signal, consistent with cosmic microwave background bounds. The signal also exhibits large linear polarization and non-trivial Stokes correlations, corresponding to an almost maximally phase-coherent helicity state. Such features are difficult to realize in classical stochastic backgrounds, and their detection would provide circumstantial evidence for a primordial, coherently generated origin of the gravitational-wave background.
title Transient Parity Violation during Inflation: Implications for PTA Gravitational Waves
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26513