Revealing magnetism in the distorted kagome $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ ($R$ = Nd, Sm, Gd) via ARPES and XMCD
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866909000776286208 |
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| author | Lim, C. Ballester, F. Kar, A. Alkorta, M. Subires, D. Dai, J. Tallarida, M. Vescovo, E. Kim, T. K. Cacho, C. Yi, C. Roychowdhury, S. Sharma, A. Kumar Choi, Y. Fabbris, G. Strempfer, J. Gargiani, P. Shekhar, C. Felser, C. Errea, I. Vergniory, M. G. Blanco-Canosa, S. |
| author_facet | Lim, C. Ballester, F. Kar, A. Alkorta, M. Subires, D. Dai, J. Tallarida, M. Vescovo, E. Kim, T. K. Cacho, C. Yi, C. Roychowdhury, S. Sharma, A. Kumar Choi, Y. Fabbris, G. Strempfer, J. Gargiani, P. Shekhar, C. Felser, C. Errea, I. Vergniory, M. G. Blanco-Canosa, S. |
| contents | Kagome materials are known for hosting emergent quantum phenomena driven by the interaction between different lattice, charge and spin orders. Here, we present a detailed angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), density functional theory (DFT) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of the electronic and magnetic structure of $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ ($R$ = Nd, Sm, Gd). ARPES and DFT demonstrate that the bulk electronic band structure is dominated by the hybridization of the Ti bands, and the weak electron-like pocket at $Γ$ is identified as a surface state. The isotropic XAS profile of the $M_{4,5}$-edge of the rare earth is consistent with the presence of $R^{3+}$ oxidation state. Using the XMCD sum rules, backed by the atomic multiplet theory calculations, we obtain the spin and orbital magnetic moments. The Ti $L_{2,3}$-edge XMCD reveals the presence of a small magnetic moment in GdTi$_3$Bi$_4$, presumably driven by the proximity of the {Ti} kagome layers to the $zigzag$ chains of Gd, while the total magnetic moment of Gd is shared by the $f$ and $d$ electrons. Our combined XMCD, ARPES and DFT study brings an important piece of information to understand the spin flip transitions and anomalous Hall effect observed in the $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ kagome metals. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_26636 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Revealing magnetism in the distorted kagome $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ ($R$ = Nd, Sm, Gd) via ARPES and XMCD Lim, C. Ballester, F. Kar, A. Alkorta, M. Subires, D. Dai, J. Tallarida, M. Vescovo, E. Kim, T. K. Cacho, C. Yi, C. Roychowdhury, S. Sharma, A. Kumar Choi, Y. Fabbris, G. Strempfer, J. Gargiani, P. Shekhar, C. Felser, C. Errea, I. Vergniory, M. G. Blanco-Canosa, S. Materials Science Kagome materials are known for hosting emergent quantum phenomena driven by the interaction between different lattice, charge and spin orders. Here, we present a detailed angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), density functional theory (DFT) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of the electronic and magnetic structure of $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ ($R$ = Nd, Sm, Gd). ARPES and DFT demonstrate that the bulk electronic band structure is dominated by the hybridization of the Ti bands, and the weak electron-like pocket at $Γ$ is identified as a surface state. The isotropic XAS profile of the $M_{4,5}$-edge of the rare earth is consistent with the presence of $R^{3+}$ oxidation state. Using the XMCD sum rules, backed by the atomic multiplet theory calculations, we obtain the spin and orbital magnetic moments. The Ti $L_{2,3}$-edge XMCD reveals the presence of a small magnetic moment in GdTi$_3$Bi$_4$, presumably driven by the proximity of the {Ti} kagome layers to the $zigzag$ chains of Gd, while the total magnetic moment of Gd is shared by the $f$ and $d$ electrons. Our combined XMCD, ARPES and DFT study brings an important piece of information to understand the spin flip transitions and anomalous Hall effect observed in the $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ kagome metals. |
| title | Revealing magnetism in the distorted kagome $R$Ti$_3$Bi$_4$ ($R$ = Nd, Sm, Gd) via ARPES and XMCD |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26636 |