Runtime Verification: Monitoring, Knowledge, and Uncertainty (Lecture Notes)

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteur principal: Bollig, Benedikt
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Bollig, Benedikt
author_facet Bollig, Benedikt
contents Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially observable or black-box systems, where uncertainty can only be resolved through observation. These lecture notes present automata-theoretic, temporal-logical, and epistemic foundations of runtime verification. They cover specification formalisms, diagnosis, opacity, and monitorability, and explain how offline analysis can be used to construct monitors that operate online on observed executions. The notes also discuss timed extensions and the additional algorithmic and semantic challenges that arise in the real-time setting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_26753
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Runtime Verification: Monitoring, Knowledge, and Uncertainty (Lecture Notes)
Bollig, Benedikt
Logic in Computer Science
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially observable or black-box systems, where uncertainty can only be resolved through observation. These lecture notes present automata-theoretic, temporal-logical, and epistemic foundations of runtime verification. They cover specification formalisms, diagnosis, opacity, and monitorability, and explain how offline analysis can be used to construct monitors that operate online on observed executions. The notes also discuss timed extensions and the additional algorithmic and semantic challenges that arise in the real-time setting.
title Runtime Verification: Monitoring, Knowledge, and Uncertainty (Lecture Notes)
topic Logic in Computer Science
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26753