SPHEREx Ultracool Dwarf spectral Atlas (SUDA): Atmospheric and Fundamental Parameters of Ultracool Dwarfs

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Autori principali: Tu, Zhijun, Wang, Shu, Huang, Haomiao, Chen, Xiaodian, Liu, Jifeng
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Tu, Zhijun
Wang, Shu
Huang, Haomiao
Chen, Xiaodian
Liu, Jifeng
author_facet Tu, Zhijun
Wang, Shu
Huang, Haomiao
Chen, Xiaodian
Liu, Jifeng
contents We present the SPHEREx Ultracool Dwarf spectral Atlas (SUDA), a homogeneous sample of 1675 ultracool dwarfs with continuous 0.75--5 $μ$m spectroscopy from SPHEREx QR2. Using the SAND and ATMO2020++ atmospheric model grids, we derive atmospheric parameters and calculate bolometric luminosities ($L_{\rm bol}$). We combine the inferred $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and radii with evolutionary tracks to estimate masses and ages for the full sample. Evolutionary surface gravities ($\log g$) are also reported for sources with parallaxes. In the 1700--2500~K range, the atmospheric $\log g$ from spectral fitting are systematically lower than the evolutionary $\log g$, with a median offset of about 1.1~dex, likely reflecting residual degeneracy between $\log g$ and metallicity in low resolution SPHEREx spectra. We also construct an empirical spectral atlas by grouping the spectra in the adopted parameter space, using the $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and the evolutionary $\log g$. The resulting atlas contains 52 parameter bins and spans $T_{\mathrm{eff}}\simeq 700$--$3000$~K. Molecular indices reveal a coherent atmospheric sequence across the sample. H$_2$O and CH$_4$ strengthen toward lower $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, whereas CO and CO$_2$ rise below $\sim$1500~K and turn over near $\sim$1000~K. Comparison with model sequences shows that the CO$_2$ index is a useful empirical metallicity tracer at $T_{\mathrm{eff}}\sim 800$--1300~K. Together, these results establish SUDA as a reference sample for linking observed 0.75--5~$μ$m spectral morphology to atmospheric and evolutionary trends in ultracool dwarfs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_26771
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SPHEREx Ultracool Dwarf spectral Atlas (SUDA): Atmospheric and Fundamental Parameters of Ultracool Dwarfs
Tu, Zhijun
Wang, Shu
Huang, Haomiao
Chen, Xiaodian
Liu, Jifeng
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We present the SPHEREx Ultracool Dwarf spectral Atlas (SUDA), a homogeneous sample of 1675 ultracool dwarfs with continuous 0.75--5 $μ$m spectroscopy from SPHEREx QR2. Using the SAND and ATMO2020++ atmospheric model grids, we derive atmospheric parameters and calculate bolometric luminosities ($L_{\rm bol}$). We combine the inferred $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and radii with evolutionary tracks to estimate masses and ages for the full sample. Evolutionary surface gravities ($\log g$) are also reported for sources with parallaxes. In the 1700--2500~K range, the atmospheric $\log g$ from spectral fitting are systematically lower than the evolutionary $\log g$, with a median offset of about 1.1~dex, likely reflecting residual degeneracy between $\log g$ and metallicity in low resolution SPHEREx spectra. We also construct an empirical spectral atlas by grouping the spectra in the adopted parameter space, using the $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and the evolutionary $\log g$. The resulting atlas contains 52 parameter bins and spans $T_{\mathrm{eff}}\simeq 700$--$3000$~K. Molecular indices reveal a coherent atmospheric sequence across the sample. H$_2$O and CH$_4$ strengthen toward lower $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, whereas CO and CO$_2$ rise below $\sim$1500~K and turn over near $\sim$1000~K. Comparison with model sequences shows that the CO$_2$ index is a useful empirical metallicity tracer at $T_{\mathrm{eff}}\sim 800$--1300~K. Together, these results establish SUDA as a reference sample for linking observed 0.75--5~$μ$m spectral morphology to atmospheric and evolutionary trends in ultracool dwarfs.
title SPHEREx Ultracool Dwarf spectral Atlas (SUDA): Atmospheric and Fundamental Parameters of Ultracool Dwarfs
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26771