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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Iglesias, Guillermo, Bello-Orgaz, Gema, Navas-Loro, María, Ramirez-Atencia, Cristian, Robert, Mercè Salvador, Baca-Garcia, Enrique
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27014
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Table of Contents:
  • The scarcity of high-quality annotated medical data, particularly in mental health, poses a significant bottleneck for training robust machine learning models. Privacy regulations restrict data sharing, making synthetic data generation a promising alternative. The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a data augmentation pipeline could be leveraged as an alternative in this field. In the proposed methodology, DeepSeek-R1, OpenBioLLM-Llama3 and Qwen 3.5 are used to generate synthetic mental health evaluation reports conditioned on specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Because naive text generation can lead to mode collapse or privacy breaches (memorization), a comprehensive evaluation framework is introduced. The generated diagnostic texts are assessed across three dimensions: semantic fidelity, lexical diversity, and privacy/plagiarism. The results demonstrate that all models can generate clinically coherent, diverse, and privacy-safe synthetic reports, significantly expanding the available training data for clinical natural language processing tasks without compromising patient confidentiality.