Gaseous forms of $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{124}$Sn, and $^{130}$Te: new avenues to future $0νββ$ time projection chambers
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866909001233465344 |
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| author | Avasthi, Aneesha Monreal, Benjamin Moya, Ivana |
| author_facet | Avasthi, Aneesha Monreal, Benjamin Moya, Ivana |
| contents | Searches for neutrinoless double beta decay are growing larger, with tonne-scale targets in several nuclides still far from exhausting the discovery space. What's beyond ton scale? Time projection chambers (TPCs) are one option for building large (100~T or kiloton-scale) instruments, but filling them with the familiar $^{136}$Xe for a $0νββ$ search is a problem: xenon is a scarce element whose atmospheric-extraction supply chain is small and hard to grow. If future $0νββ$ searches wish to exploit TPCs' known hardware scalability, we need to fill them with non-xenon target materials. Of particular value would be a TPC that can drift electrons, rather than ions, letting us use mature readout schemes which require gas gain. In this paper, we identify a set of previously-unappreciated, affordable gases which are likely to be electropositive, allowing electron drift and gain in gas-phase TPCs sensitive to $0νββ$ with the help of track-topology background rejection. We identify candidate $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{124}$Sn, and $^{130}$Te compounds suitable for gas-phase electron-drift TPCs; some may be suitable for liquid-phase TPCs as well. Using a figure-of-merit that emphasizes the need for track topology for background rejection, we argue that 100~T and kiloton-scale gas TPCs are realistic without unprecedented underground infrastructure. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27027 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gaseous forms of $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{124}$Sn, and $^{130}$Te: new avenues to future $0νββ$ time projection chambers Avasthi, Aneesha Monreal, Benjamin Moya, Ivana Instrumentation and Detectors Nuclear Experiment Searches for neutrinoless double beta decay are growing larger, with tonne-scale targets in several nuclides still far from exhausting the discovery space. What's beyond ton scale? Time projection chambers (TPCs) are one option for building large (100~T or kiloton-scale) instruments, but filling them with the familiar $^{136}$Xe for a $0νββ$ search is a problem: xenon is a scarce element whose atmospheric-extraction supply chain is small and hard to grow. If future $0νββ$ searches wish to exploit TPCs' known hardware scalability, we need to fill them with non-xenon target materials. Of particular value would be a TPC that can drift electrons, rather than ions, letting us use mature readout schemes which require gas gain. In this paper, we identify a set of previously-unappreciated, affordable gases which are likely to be electropositive, allowing electron drift and gain in gas-phase TPCs sensitive to $0νββ$ with the help of track-topology background rejection. We identify candidate $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{124}$Sn, and $^{130}$Te compounds suitable for gas-phase electron-drift TPCs; some may be suitable for liquid-phase TPCs as well. Using a figure-of-merit that emphasizes the need for track topology for background rejection, we argue that 100~T and kiloton-scale gas TPCs are realistic without unprecedented underground infrastructure. |
| title | Gaseous forms of $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{124}$Sn, and $^{130}$Te: new avenues to future $0νββ$ time projection chambers |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27027 |