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Main Authors: Huang, Jerry Y., Lin, Justin, Shah, Sheel, Nair, Kartik, Boffi, Nicholas M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27147
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author Huang, Jerry Y.
Lin, Justin
Shah, Sheel
Nair, Kartik
Boffi, Nicholas M.
author_facet Huang, Jerry Y.
Lin, Justin
Shah, Sheel
Nair, Kartik
Boffi, Nicholas M.
contents In generative modeling, we often wish to produce samples that maximize a user-specified reward such as aesthetic quality or alignment with human preferences, a problem known as \textit{guidance}. Despite their widespread use, existing guidance methods either require expensive multi-particle, many-step schemes or rely on poorly understood approximations. We reformulate guidance as a \textit{deterministic optimal control problem}, yielding a hierarchy of algorithms that subsumes existing approaches at the coarsest level. We show that the \textit{flow map}, an object of significant recent interest for its role in fast inference, arises naturally in the optimal solution. Based on this observation, we propose \textbf{Flow Map Reward Guidance (FMRG)}: a training-free, \textit{single-trajectory} framework that uses the flow map to both integrate and guide the flow. At text-to-image scale, FMRG matches or surpasses baselines across inverse problems and reward-guided generation with \textbf{as few as 3 NFEs}, giving at least an order-of-magnitude speedup in comparison to prior state of the art.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27147
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How to Guide Your Flow: Few-Step Alignment via Flow Map Reward Guidance
Huang, Jerry Y.
Lin, Justin
Shah, Sheel
Nair, Kartik
Boffi, Nicholas M.
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
In generative modeling, we often wish to produce samples that maximize a user-specified reward such as aesthetic quality or alignment with human preferences, a problem known as \textit{guidance}. Despite their widespread use, existing guidance methods either require expensive multi-particle, many-step schemes or rely on poorly understood approximations. We reformulate guidance as a \textit{deterministic optimal control problem}, yielding a hierarchy of algorithms that subsumes existing approaches at the coarsest level. We show that the \textit{flow map}, an object of significant recent interest for its role in fast inference, arises naturally in the optimal solution. Based on this observation, we propose \textbf{Flow Map Reward Guidance (FMRG)}: a training-free, \textit{single-trajectory} framework that uses the flow map to both integrate and guide the flow. At text-to-image scale, FMRG matches or surpasses baselines across inverse problems and reward-guided generation with \textbf{as few as 3 NFEs}, giving at least an order-of-magnitude speedup in comparison to prior state of the art.
title How to Guide Your Flow: Few-Step Alignment via Flow Map Reward Guidance
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27147