Boundedness of solutions in feedback systems with antithetic controllers

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wafi, Moh Kamalul, de Oliveira, Arthur C. B., Sontag, Eduardo D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wafi, Moh Kamalul
de Oliveira, Arthur C. B.
Sontag, Eduardo D.
author_facet Wafi, Moh Kamalul
de Oliveira, Arthur C. B.
Sontag, Eduardo D.
contents This paper studies whether solutions of a class of nonlinear feedback systems remain bounded over time. The systems we consider arise naturally in synthetic biology, where the antithetic feedback controller regulates a biological process through a delayed feedback loop. Our main result is that every trajectory of such a system is bounded. The key insight is simple: if the regulated state grows too large for too long, the feedback loop will eventually respond and push it back down. More precisely, we show that whenever the state exceeds a threshold and remains there long enough, the feedback signal becomes strong enough to force the state to decrease. We then show that once this happens, the feedback remains strong enough to keep the state from growing unbounded. The proof works directly with differential inequalities and does not require constructing a Lyapunov function, making the mechanism transparent and easy to interpret. The boundedness result can be understood as a time-domain small-gain effect, where the delayed feedback ultimately counteracts any persistent growth in the system.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27290
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Boundedness of solutions in feedback systems with antithetic controllers
Wafi, Moh Kamalul
de Oliveira, Arthur C. B.
Sontag, Eduardo D.
Optimization and Control
Systems and Control
Dynamical Systems
This paper studies whether solutions of a class of nonlinear feedback systems remain bounded over time. The systems we consider arise naturally in synthetic biology, where the antithetic feedback controller regulates a biological process through a delayed feedback loop. Our main result is that every trajectory of such a system is bounded. The key insight is simple: if the regulated state grows too large for too long, the feedback loop will eventually respond and push it back down. More precisely, we show that whenever the state exceeds a threshold and remains there long enough, the feedback signal becomes strong enough to force the state to decrease. We then show that once this happens, the feedback remains strong enough to keep the state from growing unbounded. The proof works directly with differential inequalities and does not require constructing a Lyapunov function, making the mechanism transparent and easy to interpret. The boundedness result can be understood as a time-domain small-gain effect, where the delayed feedback ultimately counteracts any persistent growth in the system.
title Boundedness of solutions in feedback systems with antithetic controllers
topic Optimization and Control
Systems and Control
Dynamical Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27290