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Main Authors: Xu, Ziyao, Wang, Cong, Wang, Houfeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27340
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author Xu, Ziyao
Wang, Cong
Wang, Houfeng
author_facet Xu, Ziyao
Wang, Cong
Wang, Houfeng
contents Compositional generalization tests are often used to estimate the compositionality of LLMs. However, such tests have the following limitations: (1) they only focus on the output results without considering LLMs' understanding of sample compositionality, resulting in explainability defects; (2) they rely on dataset partition to form the test set with combinations unseen in the training set, suffering from combination leakage issues. In this work, we propose a novel rule-generation perspective for compositionality estimation for LLMs. It requires LLMs to generate a program as rules for dataset mapping and provides estimates of the compositionality of LLMs using complexity-based theory. The perspective addresses the limitations of compositional generalization tests and provides a new way to analyze the compositionality characterization of LLMs. We conduct experiments and analysis of existing advanced LLMs based on this perspective on a string-to-grid task, and find various compositionality characterizations and compositionality deficiencies exhibited by LLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27340
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Investigating More Explainable and Partition-Free Compositionality Estimation for LLMs: A Rule-Generation Perspective
Xu, Ziyao
Wang, Cong
Wang, Houfeng
Artificial Intelligence
Compositional generalization tests are often used to estimate the compositionality of LLMs. However, such tests have the following limitations: (1) they only focus on the output results without considering LLMs' understanding of sample compositionality, resulting in explainability defects; (2) they rely on dataset partition to form the test set with combinations unseen in the training set, suffering from combination leakage issues. In this work, we propose a novel rule-generation perspective for compositionality estimation for LLMs. It requires LLMs to generate a program as rules for dataset mapping and provides estimates of the compositionality of LLMs using complexity-based theory. The perspective addresses the limitations of compositional generalization tests and provides a new way to analyze the compositionality characterization of LLMs. We conduct experiments and analysis of existing advanced LLMs based on this perspective on a string-to-grid task, and find various compositionality characterizations and compositionality deficiencies exhibited by LLMs.
title Investigating More Explainable and Partition-Free Compositionality Estimation for LLMs: A Rule-Generation Perspective
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27340