Understanding Adversarial Transferability in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving: A Cross-Architecture Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fernandez, David, MohajerAnsari, Pedram, Salarpour, Amir, Pese, Mert D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Fernandez, David
MohajerAnsari, Pedram
Salarpour, Amir
Pese, Mert D.
author_facet Fernandez, David
MohajerAnsari, Pedram
Salarpour, Amir
Pese, Mert D.
contents Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used in autonomous driving because they combine visual perception with language-based reasoning, supporting more interpretable decision-making, yet their robustness to physical adversarial attacks, especially whether such attacks transfer across different VLM architectures, is not well understood and poses a practical risk when attackers do not know which model a vehicle uses. We address this gap with a systematic cross-architecture study of adversarial transferability in VLM-based driving, evaluating three representative architectures (Dolphins, OmniDrive, and LeapVAD) using physically realizable patches placed on roadside infrastructure in both crosswalk and highway scenarios. Our transfer-matrix evaluation shows high cross-architecture effectiveness, with transfer rates of 73-91% (mean TR = 0.815 for crosswalk and 0.833 for highway) and sustained frame-level manipulation over 64.7-79.4% of the critical decision window even when patches are not optimized for the target model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27414
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Understanding Adversarial Transferability in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving: A Cross-Architecture Analysis
Fernandez, David
MohajerAnsari, Pedram
Salarpour, Amir
Pese, Mert D.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
I.2.10; K.6.5
Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used in autonomous driving because they combine visual perception with language-based reasoning, supporting more interpretable decision-making, yet their robustness to physical adversarial attacks, especially whether such attacks transfer across different VLM architectures, is not well understood and poses a practical risk when attackers do not know which model a vehicle uses. We address this gap with a systematic cross-architecture study of adversarial transferability in VLM-based driving, evaluating three representative architectures (Dolphins, OmniDrive, and LeapVAD) using physically realizable patches placed on roadside infrastructure in both crosswalk and highway scenarios. Our transfer-matrix evaluation shows high cross-architecture effectiveness, with transfer rates of 73-91% (mean TR = 0.815 for crosswalk and 0.833 for highway) and sustained frame-level manipulation over 64.7-79.4% of the critical decision window even when patches are not optimized for the target model.
title Understanding Adversarial Transferability in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving: A Cross-Architecture Analysis
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
I.2.10; K.6.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27414