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Detection of optical quasi-periodic oscillation in the blazar 3C 454.3

Fuente: arXiv

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Dogra, Karan, Gupta, Alok C., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Wiita, Paul J., Valtonen, Mauri J., Kurtanidze, S. O., Jorstad, S. G., Bachev, R., Damljanovic, G., Lorey, C., Savchenko, S. S., Vince, O., Abdelkareem, M., Aceituno, F. J., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Andreuzzi, G., Ata, S. A., Baida, G. V., Barbieri, L., Blinov, D. A., Bonnoli, G., Borman, G. A., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casanova, V., Chen, W. P., Cui, Lang, Devanand, P. U., Elhosseiny, E. G., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fan, J. H., Feige, M., Gazeas, K., Grishina, T. S., Gu, Minfeng, Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hemrich, F., Hsiao, H. Y., Ismail, M., Ivanidze, R. Z., Jovanovic, M. D., Kamel, T. M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kishore, Shubham, Kopatskaya, E. N., Kuberek, D., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtenkov, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, Elena G., Larionova, L. V., Lin, H. C., Mannheim, K., Marchini, A., Marinelli, C., Marscher, A. P., Morcuende, D., Morozova, D. A., Nazarov, S. V., Nikolashvili, M. G., Reinhart, D., Otero-Santos, J., Scherbantin, A., Semkov, E., Shishkina, E. V., Sigua, L. A., Singh, A. K., Sota, A., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Takey, A., Tawfeek, Amira A., Tripathi, Tushar, Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Y. V., Tsai, An-Li, Vasilyev, A. A., Vrontaki, K., Zhang, Zhongli, Zhovtan, A. V., Zottmann, N., Zuo, Wenwen
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Dogra, Karan Gupta, Alok C. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Wiita, Paul J. Valtonen, Mauri J. Kurtanidze, S. O. Jorstad, S. G. Bachev, R. Damljanovic, G. Lorey, C. Savchenko, S. S. Vince, O. Abdelkareem, M. Aceituno, F. J. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Agudo, I. Andreuzzi, G. Ata, S. A. Baida, G. V. Barbieri, L. Blinov, D. A. Bonnoli, G. Borman, G. A. Carnerero, M. I. Carosati, D. Casanova, V. Chen, W. P. Cui, Lang Devanand, P. U. Elhosseiny, E. G. Elsaesser, D. Escudero, J. Fan, J. H. Feige, M. Gazeas, K. Grishina, T. S. Gu, Minfeng Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Hemrich, F. Hsiao, H. Y. Ismail, M. Ivanidze, R. Z. Jovanovic, M. D. Kamel, T. M. Kimeridze, G. N. Kishore, Shubham Kopatskaya, E. N. Kuberek, D. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtenkov, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, Elena G. Larionova, L. V. Lin, H. C. Mannheim, K. Marchini, A. Marinelli, C. Marscher, A. P. Morcuende, D. Morozova, D. A. Nazarov, S. V. Nikolashvili, M. G. Reinhart, D. Otero-Santos, J. Scherbantin, A. Semkov, E. Shishkina, E. V. Sigua, L. A. Singh, A. K. Sota, A. Steineke, R. Stojanovic, M. Strigachev, A. Takey, A. Tawfeek, Amira A. Tripathi, Tushar Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Tsai, An-Li Vasilyev, A. A. Vrontaki, K. Zhang, Zhongli Zhovtan, A. V. Zottmann, N. Zuo, Wenwen
author_facet	Dogra, Karan Gupta, Alok C. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Wiita, Paul J. Valtonen, Mauri J. Kurtanidze, S. O. Jorstad, S. G. Bachev, R. Damljanovic, G. Lorey, C. Savchenko, S. S. Vince, O. Abdelkareem, M. Aceituno, F. J. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Agudo, I. Andreuzzi, G. Ata, S. A. Baida, G. V. Barbieri, L. Blinov, D. A. Bonnoli, G. Borman, G. A. Carnerero, M. I. Carosati, D. Casanova, V. Chen, W. P. Cui, Lang Devanand, P. U. Elhosseiny, E. G. Elsaesser, D. Escudero, J. Fan, J. H. Feige, M. Gazeas, K. Grishina, T. S. Gu, Minfeng Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Hemrich, F. Hsiao, H. Y. Ismail, M. Ivanidze, R. Z. Jovanovic, M. D. Kamel, T. M. Kimeridze, G. N. Kishore, Shubham Kopatskaya, E. N. Kuberek, D. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtenkov, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, Elena G. Larionova, L. V. Lin, H. C. Mannheim, K. Marchini, A. Marinelli, C. Marscher, A. P. Morcuende, D. Morozova, D. A. Nazarov, S. V. Nikolashvili, M. G. Reinhart, D. Otero-Santos, J. Scherbantin, A. Semkov, E. Shishkina, E. V. Sigua, L. A. Singh, A. K. Sota, A. Steineke, R. Stojanovic, M. Strigachev, A. Takey, A. Tawfeek, Amira A. Tripathi, Tushar Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Tsai, An-Li Vasilyev, A. A. Vrontaki, K. Zhang, Zhongli Zhovtan, A. V. Zottmann, N. Zuo, Wenwen
contents	We analyzed 19 years of $R$-band data of the blazar 3C 454.3 from the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) archive, along with new data from its members and from public archives such as those provided by the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) and the Steward Observatory projects to search for quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). We detected a QPO of $\sim$ 433 days using Lomb-Scargle periodogram, which lasted from MJD 54980--58450 as detected by the weighted wavelet Z-transform technique, making it one of the most persistent QPOs ever detected in the optical regime. The phase dispersion minimization technique was also performed to further validate this QPO claim. We detected this signal at a global significance of $2.53σ$ across all methodologies. To explain the observed QPO, we have considered both models focused on the accretion disk around the super-massive black hole (SMBH), and those based purely on jet emissions. Plausible jet-based models involve a shock moving down the jet in a helical magnetic field, whereas the SMBH models could involve Lense-Thirring effect-induced jet precession or dual jets in a binary SMBH system. We introduce a novel approach to distinguish genuine QPOs from spurious signals arising from annual seasonal gaps, a common limitation of ground-based observations.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27503
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Detection of optical quasi-periodic oscillation in the blazar 3C 454.3 Dogra, Karan Gupta, Alok C. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Wiita, Paul J. Valtonen, Mauri J. Kurtanidze, S. O. Jorstad, S. G. Bachev, R. Damljanovic, G. Lorey, C. Savchenko, S. S. Vince, O. Abdelkareem, M. Aceituno, F. J. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Agudo, I. Andreuzzi, G. Ata, S. A. Baida, G. V. Barbieri, L. Blinov, D. A. Bonnoli, G. Borman, G. A. Carnerero, M. I. Carosati, D. Casanova, V. Chen, W. P. Cui, Lang Devanand, P. U. Elhosseiny, E. G. Elsaesser, D. Escudero, J. Fan, J. H. Feige, M. Gazeas, K. Grishina, T. S. Gu, Minfeng Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Hemrich, F. Hsiao, H. Y. Ismail, M. Ivanidze, R. Z. Jovanovic, M. D. Kamel, T. M. Kimeridze, G. N. Kishore, Shubham Kopatskaya, E. N. Kuberek, D. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtenkov, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, Elena G. Larionova, L. V. Lin, H. C. Mannheim, K. Marchini, A. Marinelli, C. Marscher, A. P. Morcuende, D. Morozova, D. A. Nazarov, S. V. Nikolashvili, M. G. Reinhart, D. Otero-Santos, J. Scherbantin, A. Semkov, E. Shishkina, E. V. Sigua, L. A. Singh, A. K. Sota, A. Steineke, R. Stojanovic, M. Strigachev, A. Takey, A. Tawfeek, Amira A. Tripathi, Tushar Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Tsai, An-Li Vasilyev, A. A. Vrontaki, K. Zhang, Zhongli Zhovtan, A. V. Zottmann, N. Zuo, Wenwen High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We analyzed 19 years of $R$-band data of the blazar 3C 454.3 from the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) archive, along with new data from its members and from public archives such as those provided by the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) and the Steward Observatory projects to search for quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). We detected a QPO of $\sim$ 433 days using Lomb-Scargle periodogram, which lasted from MJD 54980--58450 as detected by the weighted wavelet Z-transform technique, making it one of the most persistent QPOs ever detected in the optical regime. The phase dispersion minimization technique was also performed to further validate this QPO claim. We detected this signal at a global significance of $2.53σ$ across all methodologies. To explain the observed QPO, we have considered both models focused on the accretion disk around the super-massive black hole (SMBH), and those based purely on jet emissions. Plausible jet-based models involve a shock moving down the jet in a helical magnetic field, whereas the SMBH models could involve Lense-Thirring effect-induced jet precession or dual jets in a binary SMBH system. We introduce a novel approach to distinguish genuine QPOs from spurious signals arising from annual seasonal gaps, a common limitation of ground-based observations.
title	Detection of optical quasi-periodic oscillation in the blazar 3C 454.3
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27503