Math Education Digital Shadows for facilitating learning with LLMs: Math performance, anxiety and confidence in simulated students and AIs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Esposito, Naomi, Tricarico, Anthony, Porzio, Luisa, Ardebili, Ali Aghazadeh, Stella, Massimo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Esposito, Naomi
Tricarico, Anthony
Porzio, Luisa
Ardebili, Ali Aghazadeh
Stella, Massimo
author_facet Esposito, Naomi
Tricarico, Anthony
Porzio, Luisa
Ardebili, Ali Aghazadeh
Stella, Massimo
contents To enhance LLMs' impact on math education, we need data on their mathematical prowess and biases across prompts. To fill this gap, we introduce MEDS (Math Education Digital Shadows) as a dataset mapping how large language models reason about and report mathematics across human- and AI-like conditions. MEDS involves 28,000 personas from 14 LLMs (from families like Mistral, Qwen, DeepSeek, Granite, Phi and Grok) shadowing either humans or AI assistants. Each record/shadow includes a set of prompts along with psychological/sociodemographic persona metadata and four types of math tasks: (i) open math interview, (ii) three psychometric tests about math perceptions with explanations, (iii) cognitive networks capturing math attitudes, and (iv) 18 high-school math test questions together with their reasoning and confidence scores. MEDS differs from traditional score-only math benchmarks because it integrates concepts of self-efficacy, math anxiety, and cognitive network science besides math proficiency scores. Data validation shows that the sampled LLMs exhibit schema integrity and consistent personas, together with family-specific peculiarities like human-like negative math attitudes, logical fallacies, and math overconfidence. MEDS will benefit learning analytics experts, cognitive scientists, and developers of safer AI tutors in mathematics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27618
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Math Education Digital Shadows for facilitating learning with LLMs: Math performance, anxiety and confidence in simulated students and AIs
Esposito, Naomi
Tricarico, Anthony
Porzio, Luisa
Ardebili, Ali Aghazadeh
Stella, Massimo
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Machine Learning
Social and Information Networks
To enhance LLMs' impact on math education, we need data on their mathematical prowess and biases across prompts. To fill this gap, we introduce MEDS (Math Education Digital Shadows) as a dataset mapping how large language models reason about and report mathematics across human- and AI-like conditions. MEDS involves 28,000 personas from 14 LLMs (from families like Mistral, Qwen, DeepSeek, Granite, Phi and Grok) shadowing either humans or AI assistants. Each record/shadow includes a set of prompts along with psychological/sociodemographic persona metadata and four types of math tasks: (i) open math interview, (ii) three psychometric tests about math perceptions with explanations, (iii) cognitive networks capturing math attitudes, and (iv) 18 high-school math test questions together with their reasoning and confidence scores. MEDS differs from traditional score-only math benchmarks because it integrates concepts of self-efficacy, math anxiety, and cognitive network science besides math proficiency scores. Data validation shows that the sampled LLMs exhibit schema integrity and consistent personas, together with family-specific peculiarities like human-like negative math attitudes, logical fallacies, and math overconfidence. MEDS will benefit learning analytics experts, cognitive scientists, and developers of safer AI tutors in mathematics.
title Math Education Digital Shadows for facilitating learning with LLMs: Math performance, anxiety and confidence in simulated students and AIs
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Machine Learning
Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27618