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Long-term study of the gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Albanese, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Arnesen, T. T. H., Babić, A., Bakshi, C., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Barrios-Jiménez, L., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campa, C., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Cerviño, A., Chilingarian, A., Chon, G., Santos, A. Cifuentes, Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Dinesh, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Foffano, L., Font, L., García-Lago, F. Frías, Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., Soto, S. García, Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Harutyunyan, G., Hassan, T., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Israyelyan, D., Jahanvi, J., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Quiles, J. Jiménez, Kankkunen, S., Konrad, J., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lulić, L., Lyard, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Maruševec, P., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Gallego, J. Méndez, Menon, S., Miceli, D., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Nanci, C., Negro, A., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nozaki, S., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Roy, A., Sahakyan, N., Saturni, F. G., Schiavone, F., Schmitz, K., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Simongini, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Takeishi, R., Barberà, J. Tartera, Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Vorbrugg, M., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Walther, C., Wersig, F., Yeung, P. K. H., Bosch-Ramon, V.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
Schlagworte:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
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_version_ 1866911660618285056
author Abe, K.
Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Abhishek, A.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Albanese, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bordas, P.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campa, C.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Chon, G.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
Delfino, M.
Delgado, J.
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Donini, A.
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
García-Lago, F. Frías
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
Soto, S. García
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Godinović, N.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Kankkunen, S.
Konrad, J.
Kouch, P. M.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L.
Lyard, E.
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Miranda, J. M.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schiavone, F.
Schmitz, K.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Teshima, M.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vorbrugg, M.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Bosch-Ramon, V.
author_facet Abe, K.
Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Abhishek, A.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Albanese, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bordas, P.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campa, C.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Chon, G.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
Delfino, M.
Delgado, J.
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Donini, A.
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
García-Lago, F. Frías
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
Soto, S. García
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Godinović, N.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Kankkunen, S.
Konrad, J.
Kouch, P. M.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L.
Lyard, E.
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Miranda, J. M.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schiavone, F.
Schmitz, K.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Teshima, M.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vorbrugg, M.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Bosch-Ramon, V.
contents Cygnus X-3 is a microquasar composed of a compact object of unknown nature closely orbiting around a Wolf-Rayet star. The particularities of this source make it a unique case among microquasars. This fact, together with its recent establishment as a PeV particle accelerator, makes Cygnus X-3 a very interesting target for the investigation of the physical processes leading to gamma-ray production. In this work, the TeV and GeV gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 is studied in order to determine its origin and constrain the properties of the system. For that purpose, a point-like analysis of 130 h of data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between 2013 and 2024 was performed, which represents the largest available sample for Cygnus X-3 at $\sim$TeV energies. Additionally, contemporary data from Fermi-LAT were also analysed to better contextualize the MAGIC observations. For a more detailed investigation of the source physics, the data were divided into three subsets according to the flaring state of the source and orbital phase. No significant detection of Cygnus X-3 is found between 0.1 and 7 TeV for any of the datasets, and differential and integral flux upper limits are reported over the long-term monitoring of the source. The Fermi-LAT fluxes can be considered compatible with previous results, taking into account the different data samples used across studies. The MAGIC upper limits presented in this work represent the most constraining ones up to date at $\sim$TeV energies. An eventual detection of Cygnus X-3 at these energies would significantly constrain the source properties, and is not unreasonable to expect given that the source has already been detected in both the GeV and PeV regimes during flaring states. Further observations of Cygnus X-3 at energies above tens of GeV would be valuable for this purpose.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27671
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Long-term study of the gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
Abe, K.
Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Abhishek, A.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Albanese, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bordas, P.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campa, C.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Chon, G.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
Delfino, M.
Delgado, J.
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Donini, A.
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
García-Lago, F. Frías
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
Soto, S. García
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Godinović, N.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Kankkunen, S.
Konrad, J.
Kouch, P. M.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L.
Lyard, E.
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Miranda, J. M.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schiavone, F.
Schmitz, K.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Teshima, M.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vorbrugg, M.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Bosch-Ramon, V.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Cygnus X-3 is a microquasar composed of a compact object of unknown nature closely orbiting around a Wolf-Rayet star. The particularities of this source make it a unique case among microquasars. This fact, together with its recent establishment as a PeV particle accelerator, makes Cygnus X-3 a very interesting target for the investigation of the physical processes leading to gamma-ray production. In this work, the TeV and GeV gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 is studied in order to determine its origin and constrain the properties of the system. For that purpose, a point-like analysis of 130 h of data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between 2013 and 2024 was performed, which represents the largest available sample for Cygnus X-3 at $\sim$TeV energies. Additionally, contemporary data from Fermi-LAT were also analysed to better contextualize the MAGIC observations. For a more detailed investigation of the source physics, the data were divided into three subsets according to the flaring state of the source and orbital phase. No significant detection of Cygnus X-3 is found between 0.1 and 7 TeV for any of the datasets, and differential and integral flux upper limits are reported over the long-term monitoring of the source. The Fermi-LAT fluxes can be considered compatible with previous results, taking into account the different data samples used across studies. The MAGIC upper limits presented in this work represent the most constraining ones up to date at $\sim$TeV energies. An eventual detection of Cygnus X-3 at these energies would significantly constrain the source properties, and is not unreasonable to expect given that the source has already been detected in both the GeV and PeV regimes during flaring states. Further observations of Cygnus X-3 at energies above tens of GeV would be valuable for this purpose.
title Long-term study of the gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27671

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