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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ferrari, Davide
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27772
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author Ferrari, Davide
author_facet Ferrari, Davide
contents A test of uniformity on [0,1] is developed for the setting of a single observation recorded with sufficient precision. Although consistency against general alternatives is not attainable with only one draw in the classical large-sample sense, a multiscale harmonic digit expansion provides a framework for structured inference. By aggregating trigonometric components across digit scales at Hadamard-gap frequencies, a quadratic test statistic is constructed whose null distribution converges to a chi-square law via a lacunary central limit theorem. Under departures from uniformity, the statistic is driven by Fourier components induced by digit-scale transformations of the observation, with detectability depending on their coherent accumulation as precision increases. The resulting procedure detects multiscale harmonic structure that remains invisible to classical digit-frequency methods.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Single-Observation Uniformity Testing under Increasing Precision via Lacunary Harmonics
Ferrari, Davide
Methodology
A test of uniformity on [0,1] is developed for the setting of a single observation recorded with sufficient precision. Although consistency against general alternatives is not attainable with only one draw in the classical large-sample sense, a multiscale harmonic digit expansion provides a framework for structured inference. By aggregating trigonometric components across digit scales at Hadamard-gap frequencies, a quadratic test statistic is constructed whose null distribution converges to a chi-square law via a lacunary central limit theorem. Under departures from uniformity, the statistic is driven by Fourier components induced by digit-scale transformations of the observation, with detectability depending on their coherent accumulation as precision increases. The resulting procedure detects multiscale harmonic structure that remains invisible to classical digit-frequency methods.
title Single-Observation Uniformity Testing under Increasing Precision via Lacunary Harmonics
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27772