Complex Effects of Salt on Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of BSA Originate From the Interplay of Ions and Hydration Water

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Main Authors: Dhiman, Anshika, Qin, Sanbo, Zhou, Huan-Xiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Dhiman, Anshika
Qin, Sanbo
Zhou, Huan-Xiang
author_facet Dhiman, Anshika
Qin, Sanbo
Zhou, Huan-Xiang
contents Salts are an integral part of the environment for living systems and, therefore, understanding their effects on proteins and other biomolecules is of fundamental interest. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of protein solutions can provide valuable information on salt effects, but extracting this information has been a significant challenge. For example, SAXS data of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at various salt concentrations were fit to three different spherical models. Here we combined the newly developed FMAPIq approach with explicit-solvent all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to show that the complex effects of salt on the SAXS of BSA originate from the interplay of ions and hydration water, leading to a general picture of protein-ion-water interactions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27913
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Complex Effects of Salt on Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of BSA Originate From the Interplay of Ions and Hydration Water
Dhiman, Anshika
Qin, Sanbo
Zhou, Huan-Xiang
Biomolecules
Soft Condensed Matter
Salts are an integral part of the environment for living systems and, therefore, understanding their effects on proteins and other biomolecules is of fundamental interest. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of protein solutions can provide valuable information on salt effects, but extracting this information has been a significant challenge. For example, SAXS data of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at various salt concentrations were fit to three different spherical models. Here we combined the newly developed FMAPIq approach with explicit-solvent all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to show that the complex effects of salt on the SAXS of BSA originate from the interplay of ions and hydration water, leading to a general picture of protein-ion-water interactions.
title Complex Effects of Salt on Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of BSA Originate From the Interplay of Ions and Hydration Water
topic Biomolecules
Soft Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27913