International Optical Clock Comparison Using the European Optical Fiber Network
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2026
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| author | Pizzocaro, Marco Zyskind, Clara Amy-Klein, Anne Benkler, Erik Bize, Sebastien Calonico, Davide Cantin, Etienne Chardonnet, Christian Clivati, Cecilia Condio, Stefano Curtis, E. Anne Donadello, Simone Dörscher, Sören Feng, Chen-Hao Filzinger, Melina Gaudron, Jacques-Olivier Godun, Rachel M. Goti, Irene Hill, Ian R. Huang, Wei Huntemann, Nils Johnson, Matthew Klose, Joshua Kronjäger, Jochen Kuhl, Alexander Targat, Rodolphe Le Levi, Filippo Lipphardt, Burghard Lisdat, Christian Lodewyck, Jerome Lopez, Olivier Margolis, Helen S. Mazouth-Laurol, Maxime Mura, Alberto Pointard, Benjamin Pottie, Paul-Eric Risaro, Matias Robertson, Billy I. Schioppo, Marco Stahl, Kilian Steinel, Martin Tofful, Alexandra Tønnes, Mads Tunes, Jacob |
| author_facet | Pizzocaro, Marco Zyskind, Clara Amy-Klein, Anne Benkler, Erik Bize, Sebastien Calonico, Davide Cantin, Etienne Chardonnet, Christian Clivati, Cecilia Condio, Stefano Curtis, E. Anne Donadello, Simone Dörscher, Sören Feng, Chen-Hao Filzinger, Melina Gaudron, Jacques-Olivier Godun, Rachel M. Goti, Irene Hill, Ian R. Huang, Wei Huntemann, Nils Johnson, Matthew Klose, Joshua Kronjäger, Jochen Kuhl, Alexander Targat, Rodolphe Le Levi, Filippo Lipphardt, Burghard Lisdat, Christian Lodewyck, Jerome Lopez, Olivier Margolis, Helen S. Mazouth-Laurol, Maxime Mura, Alberto Pointard, Benjamin Pottie, Paul-Eric Risaro, Matias Robertson, Billy I. Schioppo, Marco Stahl, Kilian Steinel, Martin Tofful, Alexandra Tønnes, Mads Tunes, Jacob |
| contents | Optical clocks have achieved remarkable estimated fractional frequency uncertainties reaching the $10^{-18}$ level and below, enabling applications in fundamental physics, general relativity, and geodesy. However, the challenge of verifying the international consistency of optical clocks remains critical as efforts intensify toward redefining the SI second based on an optical transition or transitions. We report on a two-month international clock comparison campaign involving seven optical clocks in four national metrology institutes (INRIM, LNE-OP, NPL, and PTB) connected via the optical fiber network established in Europe. The campaign resulted in optical frequency ratios with uncertainties ranging from $7.7\times10^{-18}$ to $6.1\times10^{-17}$. Among the results, the $^{171}$Yb$^+$(E3) clocks at NPL and PTB demonstrated agreement within an uncertainty of $7.7\times10^{-18}$, marking the first international verification of two independently developed optical clocks below one part in $10^{17}$. The operation of the $^{199}$Hg clock at LNE-OP (formerly LNE-SYRTE) resulted in frequency ratios with improved uncertainties with $^{171}$Yb$^+$(E3), $^{171}$Yb, and $^{87}$Sr optical clocks. These results provide input for the redefinition of the second and underscore how fiber-linked clock networks can advance metrology and scientific applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_27963 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | International Optical Clock Comparison Using the European Optical Fiber Network Pizzocaro, Marco Zyskind, Clara Amy-Klein, Anne Benkler, Erik Bize, Sebastien Calonico, Davide Cantin, Etienne Chardonnet, Christian Clivati, Cecilia Condio, Stefano Curtis, E. Anne Donadello, Simone Dörscher, Sören Feng, Chen-Hao Filzinger, Melina Gaudron, Jacques-Olivier Godun, Rachel M. Goti, Irene Hill, Ian R. Huang, Wei Huntemann, Nils Johnson, Matthew Klose, Joshua Kronjäger, Jochen Kuhl, Alexander Targat, Rodolphe Le Levi, Filippo Lipphardt, Burghard Lisdat, Christian Lodewyck, Jerome Lopez, Olivier Margolis, Helen S. Mazouth-Laurol, Maxime Mura, Alberto Pointard, Benjamin Pottie, Paul-Eric Risaro, Matias Robertson, Billy I. Schioppo, Marco Stahl, Kilian Steinel, Martin Tofful, Alexandra Tønnes, Mads Tunes, Jacob Atomic Physics Optics Optical clocks have achieved remarkable estimated fractional frequency uncertainties reaching the $10^{-18}$ level and below, enabling applications in fundamental physics, general relativity, and geodesy. However, the challenge of verifying the international consistency of optical clocks remains critical as efforts intensify toward redefining the SI second based on an optical transition or transitions. We report on a two-month international clock comparison campaign involving seven optical clocks in four national metrology institutes (INRIM, LNE-OP, NPL, and PTB) connected via the optical fiber network established in Europe. The campaign resulted in optical frequency ratios with uncertainties ranging from $7.7\times10^{-18}$ to $6.1\times10^{-17}$. Among the results, the $^{171}$Yb$^+$(E3) clocks at NPL and PTB demonstrated agreement within an uncertainty of $7.7\times10^{-18}$, marking the first international verification of two independently developed optical clocks below one part in $10^{17}$. The operation of the $^{199}$Hg clock at LNE-OP (formerly LNE-SYRTE) resulted in frequency ratios with improved uncertainties with $^{171}$Yb$^+$(E3), $^{171}$Yb, and $^{87}$Sr optical clocks. These results provide input for the redefinition of the second and underscore how fiber-linked clock networks can advance metrology and scientific applications. |
| title | International Optical Clock Comparison Using the European Optical Fiber Network |
| topic | Atomic Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27963 |