On the Principal Minor Expansion and Complexity of the Symmetrized Determinant

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Agarwal, Sanyam, Bläser, Markus, Gupta, Mridul
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866917451241881600
author Agarwal, Sanyam
Bläser, Markus
Gupta, Mridul
author_facet Agarwal, Sanyam
Bläser, Markus
Gupta, Mridul
contents Barvinok introduced the symmetrized determinant ($\sdet$) as a \emph{non-commutative} analogue of the determinant. Intuitively, given a square matrix over an associative algebra, we can obtain the symmetrized determinant by averaging over all possible multiplication orders in the Leibniz formula for the determinant. He used the symmetrized determinant to design algorithms estimating the permanent of a matrix. To this end, he showed that there is a $O(n^{r+3})$ algorithm computing $\sdet$, where $r$ is the dimension of the algebra, and is therefore polynomial-time computable for fixed $r$. In this work, we study the algebraic properties and complexity of $\sdet$. While most of the properties of the ordinary determinant don't generalize to $\sdet$ defined on non-commutative algebras, we show that the principal minor expansion of the $\sdet$ is analogous to the ordinary determinant. Second, we prove that there exists a polynomial-sized algebra such that computing the symmetrized determinant is $\sharpP$-hard. Third, we show that the associated polynomial family is $\VNP$-complete over a suitable polynomial-dimensional algebra in the non-commutative setting. Further, when seen as a family of polynomials over the matrix algebra, it is also $\VNP$-complete in the commutative setting. This places the symmetrized determinant among the natural complete families arising from algebraic computation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_28019
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Principal Minor Expansion and Complexity of the Symmetrized Determinant
Agarwal, Sanyam
Bläser, Markus
Gupta, Mridul
Computational Complexity
Barvinok introduced the symmetrized determinant ($\sdet$) as a \emph{non-commutative} analogue of the determinant. Intuitively, given a square matrix over an associative algebra, we can obtain the symmetrized determinant by averaging over all possible multiplication orders in the Leibniz formula for the determinant. He used the symmetrized determinant to design algorithms estimating the permanent of a matrix. To this end, he showed that there is a $O(n^{r+3})$ algorithm computing $\sdet$, where $r$ is the dimension of the algebra, and is therefore polynomial-time computable for fixed $r$. In this work, we study the algebraic properties and complexity of $\sdet$. While most of the properties of the ordinary determinant don't generalize to $\sdet$ defined on non-commutative algebras, we show that the principal minor expansion of the $\sdet$ is analogous to the ordinary determinant. Second, we prove that there exists a polynomial-sized algebra such that computing the symmetrized determinant is $\sharpP$-hard. Third, we show that the associated polynomial family is $\VNP$-complete over a suitable polynomial-dimensional algebra in the non-commutative setting. Further, when seen as a family of polynomials over the matrix algebra, it is also $\VNP$-complete in the commutative setting. This places the symmetrized determinant among the natural complete families arising from algebraic computation.
title On the Principal Minor Expansion and Complexity of the Symmetrized Determinant
topic Computational Complexity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.28019