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Main Authors: Bagler, Ganesh, Tewari, Gopal Krishna, Yadav, Aditya Raj, Singh, Akshat, Bansal, Pranay, Dargar, Ujjval, Goel, Mansi, Sinha, Madhvi Kumari
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.28021
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author Bagler, Ganesh
Tewari, Gopal Krishna
Yadav, Aditya Raj
Singh, Akshat
Bansal, Pranay
Dargar, Ujjval
Goel, Mansi
Sinha, Madhvi Kumari
author_facet Bagler, Ganesh
Tewari, Gopal Krishna
Yadav, Aditya Raj
Singh, Akshat
Bansal, Pranay
Dargar, Ujjval
Goel, Mansi
Sinha, Madhvi Kumari
contents Cooking is a cultural expression of human creativity that transcends geography and time through the orchestration of ingredients and techniques, much like languages do through words and syntax. Yet, beneath the apparent diversity of culinary traditions, whether recipes obey statistical laws comparable to those of other symbolic systems remains unknown. Here we analyze a large corpus of traditional recipes spanning global cuisines, annotated using a state-of-the-art named entity recognition algorithm into ingredients, cooking techniques, utensils, and other culinary attributes. We find that ingredient usage exhibits Zipf-like rank-frequency scaling, that culinary diversity grows sublinearly with corpus size in accordance with Heaps' law, and that recipe complexity follows Menzerath-Altmann-type relations between the number and average information of constituent units. Consistent with observations in packaged foods, macronutrient concentrations across recipes also display a log-normal signature. Minimal generative models based on preferential reuse, constrained sampling, and incremental modification recapitulate these regularities, suggesting generic processes that shape recipe architecture across cultures. Together, these findings establish recipes as a compositional symbolic system in which complex structure emerges from simple, constrained generative processes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_28021
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Universal statistical laws governing culinary design
Bagler, Ganesh
Tewari, Gopal Krishna
Yadav, Aditya Raj
Singh, Akshat
Bansal, Pranay
Dargar, Ujjval
Goel, Mansi
Sinha, Madhvi Kumari
Physics and Society
Computation and Language
Cooking is a cultural expression of human creativity that transcends geography and time through the orchestration of ingredients and techniques, much like languages do through words and syntax. Yet, beneath the apparent diversity of culinary traditions, whether recipes obey statistical laws comparable to those of other symbolic systems remains unknown. Here we analyze a large corpus of traditional recipes spanning global cuisines, annotated using a state-of-the-art named entity recognition algorithm into ingredients, cooking techniques, utensils, and other culinary attributes. We find that ingredient usage exhibits Zipf-like rank-frequency scaling, that culinary diversity grows sublinearly with corpus size in accordance with Heaps' law, and that recipe complexity follows Menzerath-Altmann-type relations between the number and average information of constituent units. Consistent with observations in packaged foods, macronutrient concentrations across recipes also display a log-normal signature. Minimal generative models based on preferential reuse, constrained sampling, and incremental modification recapitulate these regularities, suggesting generic processes that shape recipe architecture across cultures. Together, these findings establish recipes as a compositional symbolic system in which complex structure emerges from simple, constrained generative processes.
title Universal statistical laws governing culinary design
topic Physics and Society
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.28021