Beyond first-order accuracy in continuous-forcing immersed boundary methods, and their well-conditioned projection-based solution
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866917451418042368 |
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| author | Beckers, Diederik Bae, H. Jane Goza, Andres |
| author_facet | Beckers, Diederik Bae, H. Jane Goza, Andres |
| contents | We introduce a refined immersed boundary (IB) methodology that is better-than-first-order accurate in practice, while preserving key properties of "continuous-forcing" IB approaches that retain a singular source term in the governing equations. Our method leverages a smoothed indicator (Heaviside) function, following ideas from multiphase flow and immersed layers formulations, to recast the IB solution as a composite of distinct interior and exterior fields. We demonstrate that, when cast through this composite-solution lens, prior continuous-forcing IB methods can be seen as neglecting terms in the governing and constraint equations that restrict the solution to first-order accuracy. We incorporate these terms to systematically improve accuracy without the need for heuristic corrections. In canonical Poisson problems, we empirically demonstrate second-order convergence, and in incompressible Navier-Stokes simulations the method achieves slightly sub-second-order performance. While our present study focuses on these cases, the framework suggests a path towards second-order accuracy or higher, with further extensions. This perspective reframes accuracy limitations typically attributed to IB schemes. Although continuous-forcing IB methods are often reported to be only first-order accurate, we show that neither smoothing nor interface interpolation inherently restricts attainable order. Moreover, we naturally incorporate this higher-order formulation into a projection-based solution process. The resulting algorithm simultaneously mitigates the spurious surface stresses produced by ill-conditioned linear systems and reduces sensitivity to geometric resolution, addressing both conditioning and accuracy concerns within a unified approach. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_28152 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beyond first-order accuracy in continuous-forcing immersed boundary methods, and their well-conditioned projection-based solution Beckers, Diederik Bae, H. Jane Goza, Andres Numerical Analysis Fluid Dynamics We introduce a refined immersed boundary (IB) methodology that is better-than-first-order accurate in practice, while preserving key properties of "continuous-forcing" IB approaches that retain a singular source term in the governing equations. Our method leverages a smoothed indicator (Heaviside) function, following ideas from multiphase flow and immersed layers formulations, to recast the IB solution as a composite of distinct interior and exterior fields. We demonstrate that, when cast through this composite-solution lens, prior continuous-forcing IB methods can be seen as neglecting terms in the governing and constraint equations that restrict the solution to first-order accuracy. We incorporate these terms to systematically improve accuracy without the need for heuristic corrections. In canonical Poisson problems, we empirically demonstrate second-order convergence, and in incompressible Navier-Stokes simulations the method achieves slightly sub-second-order performance. While our present study focuses on these cases, the framework suggests a path towards second-order accuracy or higher, with further extensions. This perspective reframes accuracy limitations typically attributed to IB schemes. Although continuous-forcing IB methods are often reported to be only first-order accurate, we show that neither smoothing nor interface interpolation inherently restricts attainable order. Moreover, we naturally incorporate this higher-order formulation into a projection-based solution process. The resulting algorithm simultaneously mitigates the spurious surface stresses produced by ill-conditioned linear systems and reduces sensitivity to geometric resolution, addressing both conditioning and accuracy concerns within a unified approach. |
| title | Beyond first-order accuracy in continuous-forcing immersed boundary methods, and their well-conditioned projection-based solution |
| topic | Numerical Analysis Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.28152 |