Angles, orthogonality, and Pythagorean theorem in Banach spaces with two related applications

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Cicone, Antonio, Serra-Capizzano, Stefano, Tento, Giacomo, Zhou, Haomin
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Cicone, Antonio
Serra-Capizzano, Stefano
Tento, Giacomo
Zhou, Haomin
author_facet Cicone, Antonio
Serra-Capizzano, Stefano
Tento, Giacomo
Zhou, Haomin
contents In the current work, we propose a generalization of angles and orthogonality from $L^2$ to generic Banach spaces, starting from a $L^p$ version of the Pythagorean theorem, $p\in [1,\infty)$. The starting point is conservation of energy measured in $L^1$ norm, as it occurs when considering the intrinsic mode functions decomposition in signal processing. This conservation of energy measure in $L^1$ norm is exactly the $L^1$ Pythagorean theorem. Besides the theoretical analysis, we apply the new notions in the context of preconditioning for structured large linear systems, by obtaining new classes of preconditioners. The present work contains numerical experiments and various remarks on the possible use of the given framework.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00009
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Angles, orthogonality, and Pythagorean theorem in Banach spaces with two related applications
Cicone, Antonio
Serra-Capizzano, Stefano
Tento, Giacomo
Zhou, Haomin
General Mathematics
In the current work, we propose a generalization of angles and orthogonality from $L^2$ to generic Banach spaces, starting from a $L^p$ version of the Pythagorean theorem, $p\in [1,\infty)$. The starting point is conservation of energy measured in $L^1$ norm, as it occurs when considering the intrinsic mode functions decomposition in signal processing. This conservation of energy measure in $L^1$ norm is exactly the $L^1$ Pythagorean theorem. Besides the theoretical analysis, we apply the new notions in the context of preconditioning for structured large linear systems, by obtaining new classes of preconditioners. The present work contains numerical experiments and various remarks on the possible use of the given framework.
title Angles, orthogonality, and Pythagorean theorem in Banach spaces with two related applications
topic General Mathematics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00009