TimeRFT: Stimulating Generalizable Time Series Forecasting for TSFMs via Reinforcement Finetuning

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Li, Siyang, Chen, Yize, Zhu, Zijie, Pan, Yuxin, Guo, Yan, Huang, Ming, Xiong, Hui
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Li, Siyang
Chen, Yize
Zhu, Zijie
Pan, Yuxin
Guo, Yan
Huang, Ming
Xiong, Hui
author_facet Li, Siyang
Chen, Yize
Zhu, Zijie
Pan, Yuxin
Guo, Yan
Huang, Ming
Xiong, Hui
contents Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons. First, the non-stationary and uncertain nature of time series data lead to inevitable temporal distribution shifts between historical training and future testing data, while current Supervised FineTuning (SFT)-based methods are prone to overfitting and may degrade generalization. Second, training data availability varies across forecasting tasks, requiring TSFMs to generalize well under diverse data regimes. To address these challenges, we introduce the Time series Reinforcement Finetuning (TimeRFT) paradigm for TSFM downstream adaptation, which consists of two task-specific training recipes: i) A forecasting quality-based temporal reward mechanism that conducts a multi-faceted evaluation of the contribution of each prediction step to overall forecasting accuracy. ii) A forecasting difficulty-based data selection strategy to identify time series samples with generalizable predictive patterns and informative training signals. Extensive experiments demonstrate TimeRFT can consistently outperform SFT-based adaptation methods across various real-world forecasting tasks and training data regimes, enhancing prediction accuracy and generalization against unforeseen distribution shifts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00015
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TimeRFT: Stimulating Generalizable Time Series Forecasting for TSFMs via Reinforcement Finetuning
Li, Siyang
Chen, Yize
Zhu, Zijie
Pan, Yuxin
Guo, Yan
Huang, Ming
Xiong, Hui
Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons. First, the non-stationary and uncertain nature of time series data lead to inevitable temporal distribution shifts between historical training and future testing data, while current Supervised FineTuning (SFT)-based methods are prone to overfitting and may degrade generalization. Second, training data availability varies across forecasting tasks, requiring TSFMs to generalize well under diverse data regimes. To address these challenges, we introduce the Time series Reinforcement Finetuning (TimeRFT) paradigm for TSFM downstream adaptation, which consists of two task-specific training recipes: i) A forecasting quality-based temporal reward mechanism that conducts a multi-faceted evaluation of the contribution of each prediction step to overall forecasting accuracy. ii) A forecasting difficulty-based data selection strategy to identify time series samples with generalizable predictive patterns and informative training signals. Extensive experiments demonstrate TimeRFT can consistently outperform SFT-based adaptation methods across various real-world forecasting tasks and training data regimes, enhancing prediction accuracy and generalization against unforeseen distribution shifts.
title TimeRFT: Stimulating Generalizable Time Series Forecasting for TSFMs via Reinforcement Finetuning
topic Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00015