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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00118 |
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| _version_ | 1866909006874804224 |
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| author | Woods, Andrew Shyu, Chi-Ren |
| author_facet | Woods, Andrew Shyu, Chi-Ren |
| contents | Multitenancy increases throughput and reduces costs in cloud-based quantum computing, but concurrent job execution introduces security risks through inter-circuit crosstalk. We characterize the structural predictability of these interference patterns across seven IBM superconducting processors, spanning Heron (r1-r3) and Nighthawk (r1) architectures and five different circuit types. We evaluate pairwise interactions, by applying the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and a structural $t$-statistic to the concurrent execution of five foundational quantum circuits (QAOA, Grover's, QPE, QFT, and ZZFeatureMap), we quantify behavioral consistency across disparate hardware. Our results identify three types of circuits: universally aggressive, universally sensitive, and cotenant-dependent circuits. Aggressive circuits, such as Grover's Algorithm, exhibit a statistically significant interference pattern, yielding a $t$-statistic range of $[1.37,2.61]$ relative to the standalone baselines across all tested pairings. Conversely, sensitive circuits, such as the Quantum Fourier Transform, demonstrate a disproportionate susceptibility to multitenant execution, showing high deviations from single-tenant computational behavior. We demonstrate that crosstalk signatures are highly consistent within architectural revisions--with intra-revision similarity reaching $0.77$ (Hr3) and $0.68$ (Hr2)--while inter-revision similarity drops to $0.43$. Furthermore, we identify a ``topological decoupling" between Heavy-Hex and square lattice systems, where structural similarity falls to $0.01$ between Heron r1 and Nighthawk r1. These findings provide an empirical foundation for hardware-aware schedulers to strategically pair jobs, maximizing system utilization while preserving computational integrity. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00118 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Toward Secure Multitenant Quantum Computing: Circuit Affinity, Crosstalk Patterns, and Grouping Strategies Woods, Andrew Shyu, Chi-Ren Quantum Physics Multitenancy increases throughput and reduces costs in cloud-based quantum computing, but concurrent job execution introduces security risks through inter-circuit crosstalk. We characterize the structural predictability of these interference patterns across seven IBM superconducting processors, spanning Heron (r1-r3) and Nighthawk (r1) architectures and five different circuit types. We evaluate pairwise interactions, by applying the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and a structural $t$-statistic to the concurrent execution of five foundational quantum circuits (QAOA, Grover's, QPE, QFT, and ZZFeatureMap), we quantify behavioral consistency across disparate hardware. Our results identify three types of circuits: universally aggressive, universally sensitive, and cotenant-dependent circuits. Aggressive circuits, such as Grover's Algorithm, exhibit a statistically significant interference pattern, yielding a $t$-statistic range of $[1.37,2.61]$ relative to the standalone baselines across all tested pairings. Conversely, sensitive circuits, such as the Quantum Fourier Transform, demonstrate a disproportionate susceptibility to multitenant execution, showing high deviations from single-tenant computational behavior. We demonstrate that crosstalk signatures are highly consistent within architectural revisions--with intra-revision similarity reaching $0.77$ (Hr3) and $0.68$ (Hr2)--while inter-revision similarity drops to $0.43$. Furthermore, we identify a ``topological decoupling" between Heavy-Hex and square lattice systems, where structural similarity falls to $0.01$ between Heron r1 and Nighthawk r1. These findings provide an empirical foundation for hardware-aware schedulers to strategically pair jobs, maximizing system utilization while preserving computational integrity. |
| title | Toward Secure Multitenant Quantum Computing: Circuit Affinity, Crosstalk Patterns, and Grouping Strategies |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00118 |