Bayesian Optimization in Linear Time

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Schneider, Jesse, Welch, William J.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Schneider, Jesse
Welch, William J.
author_facet Schneider, Jesse
Welch, William J.
contents Bayesian optimization is a sequential method for minimizing objective functions that are expensive to evaluate and about which few assumptions can be made. By using all gathered data to train a Gaussian process model for the function and adaptively employing a mixture of global exploration and local exploitation, this method has been used for optimization in many fields including machine learning, automotive engineering and reinforcement learning. However, the standard method suffers from two problems: 1) with cubic computational complexity in the training-set size it eventually becomes computationally infeasible to train the model, and 2) globally modeling the objective function is not necessarily optimal given the local nature of minimization. Using flexible and recursive binary partitioning of the search space, we adapt both the modeling and acquisitive aspects of standard Bayesian optimization to work harmoniously with the partitioning scheme, thereby ameliorating both standard shortcomings. We compare our method against a commonly used Bayesian optimization library on seven challenging test functions, ranging in dimensionality from $6$ to $124$, and show that our method achieves superior optimization performance in all tests. In addition our method has linear computational complexity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00237
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bayesian Optimization in Linear Time
Schneider, Jesse
Welch, William J.
Machine Learning
G.1.6; G.3; I.5.3; I.2.6
Bayesian optimization is a sequential method for minimizing objective functions that are expensive to evaluate and about which few assumptions can be made. By using all gathered data to train a Gaussian process model for the function and adaptively employing a mixture of global exploration and local exploitation, this method has been used for optimization in many fields including machine learning, automotive engineering and reinforcement learning. However, the standard method suffers from two problems: 1) with cubic computational complexity in the training-set size it eventually becomes computationally infeasible to train the model, and 2) globally modeling the objective function is not necessarily optimal given the local nature of minimization. Using flexible and recursive binary partitioning of the search space, we adapt both the modeling and acquisitive aspects of standard Bayesian optimization to work harmoniously with the partitioning scheme, thereby ameliorating both standard shortcomings. We compare our method against a commonly used Bayesian optimization library on seven challenging test functions, ranging in dimensionality from $6$ to $124$, and show that our method achieves superior optimization performance in all tests. In addition our method has linear computational complexity.
title Bayesian Optimization in Linear Time
topic Machine Learning
G.1.6; G.3; I.5.3; I.2.6
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00237