The L-H transition in tokamaks: power threshold, density minimum and toroidal-field asymmetry

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: De Lucca, Brenno, Ricci, Paolo, Labit, Benoit, Mancini, Davide, Stenger, Louis, Tecchiolli, Zeno
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author De Lucca, Brenno
Ricci, Paolo
Labit, Benoit
Mancini, Davide
Stenger, Louis
Tecchiolli, Zeno
author_facet De Lucca, Brenno
Ricci, Paolo
Labit, Benoit
Mancini, Davide
Stenger, Louis
Tecchiolli, Zeno
contents The physical mechanism underlying the L--H transition in tokamaks has remained an open problem for over forty years. We present three-dimensional flux-driven two-fluid simulations in a diverted geometry that exhibit a confinement transition at lower power in the favourable toroidal-field configuration. The simulations show that electromagnetic drift-wave turbulence spontaneously generates a sheared $\bm{E}\times \bm{B}$ flow responsible for transport suppression. The toroidal-field-direction asymmetry arises from time-reversal symmetry breaking by finite collisionality, as demonstrated by a quasilinear calculation of the turbulent momentum flux. First-principles scaling laws are derived for the L--H power threshold in both density branches, the density minimum, and the minimum power, all matching or surpassing existing empirical scalings.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00624
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The L-H transition in tokamaks: power threshold, density minimum and toroidal-field asymmetry
De Lucca, Brenno
Ricci, Paolo
Labit, Benoit
Mancini, Davide
Stenger, Louis
Tecchiolli, Zeno
Plasma Physics
The physical mechanism underlying the L--H transition in tokamaks has remained an open problem for over forty years. We present three-dimensional flux-driven two-fluid simulations in a diverted geometry that exhibit a confinement transition at lower power in the favourable toroidal-field configuration. The simulations show that electromagnetic drift-wave turbulence spontaneously generates a sheared $\bm{E}\times \bm{B}$ flow responsible for transport suppression. The toroidal-field-direction asymmetry arises from time-reversal symmetry breaking by finite collisionality, as demonstrated by a quasilinear calculation of the turbulent momentum flux. First-principles scaling laws are derived for the L--H power threshold in both density branches, the density minimum, and the minimum power, all matching or surpassing existing empirical scalings.
title The L-H transition in tokamaks: power threshold, density minimum and toroidal-field asymmetry
topic Plasma Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00624