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Main Authors: Lin, Yuefeng, Zheng, Chao, Guo, Cong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00739
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author Lin, Yuefeng
Zheng, Chao
Guo, Cong
author_facet Lin, Yuefeng
Zheng, Chao
Guo, Cong
contents The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient variational quantum framework based on compact binary-register encoding, a permutation-preserving problem-inspired ansatz, and a complementary divide-and-conquer execution strategy. The compact encoding reduces the data-qubit requirement to O(n log n), while the divide-and-conquer formulation lowers the number of qubits required in each local hardware execution to the size of the largest subsystem. Numerical simulations on TSP instances with 4, 5, and 6 cities achieve best average success rates of 100%, 100%, and 95.5%, respectively. A local two-qubit implementation of the divide-and-conquer approximation is further evaluated for a 5-city TSP instance on SpinQ Gemini Pro and SpinQ Triangulum II NMR quantum computers. Taken together, the results indicate how compact encoding and divide-and-conquer execution with classical post-processing can be used to study small combinatorial optimization instances on resource-constrained quantum hardware.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00739
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Resource-Efficient Variational Quantum Framework for the Traveling Salesman Problem
Lin, Yuefeng
Zheng, Chao
Guo, Cong
Quantum Physics
The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient variational quantum framework based on compact binary-register encoding, a permutation-preserving problem-inspired ansatz, and a complementary divide-and-conquer execution strategy. The compact encoding reduces the data-qubit requirement to O(n log n), while the divide-and-conquer formulation lowers the number of qubits required in each local hardware execution to the size of the largest subsystem. Numerical simulations on TSP instances with 4, 5, and 6 cities achieve best average success rates of 100%, 100%, and 95.5%, respectively. A local two-qubit implementation of the divide-and-conquer approximation is further evaluated for a 5-city TSP instance on SpinQ Gemini Pro and SpinQ Triangulum II NMR quantum computers. Taken together, the results indicate how compact encoding and divide-and-conquer execution with classical post-processing can be used to study small combinatorial optimization instances on resource-constrained quantum hardware.
title A Resource-Efficient Variational Quantum Framework for the Traveling Salesman Problem
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00739