The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910184828305408 |
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| author | Don, Erwan Bavaresco, Jessica Lipka-Bartosik, Patryk Gisin, Nicolas Brunner, Nicolas Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro |
| author_facet | Don, Erwan Bavaresco, Jessica Lipka-Bartosik, Patryk Gisin, Nicolas Brunner, Nicolas Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro |
| contents | In recent years, the study of Bell nonlocality has been generalized to quantum networks, where multiple independent sources distribute physical systems to distant parties who perform local measurements. In this context, a central open question is to identify the minimal network configuration in which quantum resources produce Bell nonlocal correlations. Here we address this question and show that quantum nonlocality is possible in the triangle network where the parties have no input choices and produce only binary-valued outcomes. To do so, we start by identifying a family of target distributions and proving their nonlocality. Next, we construct an explicit quantum model that reproduces the target distributions to machine precision. For this, we develop an efficient method for parameterizing quantum distributions in networks, inspired by the formalism of higher-order quantum operations. When considering the number of observed variables and their cardinality, this constitutes the smallest scenario possible that supports quantum nonlocality in networks. Moreover, by analyzing the explicit quantum model, we obtain new insights into how nonlocal distributions can be generated in quantum networks. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_00981 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality Don, Erwan Bavaresco, Jessica Lipka-Bartosik, Patryk Gisin, Nicolas Brunner, Nicolas Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro Quantum Physics In recent years, the study of Bell nonlocality has been generalized to quantum networks, where multiple independent sources distribute physical systems to distant parties who perform local measurements. In this context, a central open question is to identify the minimal network configuration in which quantum resources produce Bell nonlocal correlations. Here we address this question and show that quantum nonlocality is possible in the triangle network where the parties have no input choices and produce only binary-valued outcomes. To do so, we start by identifying a family of target distributions and proving their nonlocality. Next, we construct an explicit quantum model that reproduces the target distributions to machine precision. For this, we develop an efficient method for parameterizing quantum distributions in networks, inspired by the formalism of higher-order quantum operations. When considering the number of observed variables and their cardinality, this constitutes the smallest scenario possible that supports quantum nonlocality in networks. Moreover, by analyzing the explicit quantum model, we obtain new insights into how nonlocal distributions can be generated in quantum networks. |
| title | The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00981 |